Human Gene PRRX1 (uc001ghe.3)
  Description: Homo sapiens paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1), transcript variant pmx-1a, mRNA.
RefSeq Summary (NM_006902): The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription co-activator, enhancing the DNA-binding activity of serum response factor, a protein required for the induction of genes by growth and differentiation factors. The protein regulates muscle creatine kinase, indicating a role in the establishment of diverse mesodermal muscle types. Alternative splicing yields two isoforms that differ in abundance and expression patterns. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr1:170,633,313-170,708,541 Size: 75,229 Total Exon Count: 5 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr1:170,633,360-170,699,472 Size: 66,113 Coding Exon Count: 4 

Page IndexSequence and LinksPrimersGenetic AssociationsMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
mRNA DescriptionsOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2013-06-14

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr1:170,633,313-170,708,541)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (217 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
GeneNetworkHGNCLynxMalacardsMGIOMIM
PubMedTreefamUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Genetic Association Studies of Complex Diseases and Disorders
  Genetic Association Database (archive): PRRX1
CDC HuGE Published Literature: PRRX1
Positive Disease Associations: Heart Rate , Triglycerides
Related Studies:
  1. Heart Rate
    Christopher Newton-Cheh et al. BMC medical genetics 2007, Genome-wide association study of electrocardiographic and heart rate variability traits: the Framingham Heart Study., BMC medical genetics. [PubMed 17903306]
    In the community-based Framingham Heart Study none of the ECG and HRV results individually attained genomewide significance. However, the presence of bona fide QT-associated SNPs among the top 117 results for QT duration supports the importance of efforts to validate top results from the reported scans. Finding genetic variants associated with ECG and HRV quantitative traits may identify novel genes and pathways implicated in arrhythmogenesis and allow for improved recognition of individuals at high risk for arrhythmias in the general population.
  2. Triglycerides
    Sekar Kathiresan et al. BMC medical genetics 2007, A genome-wide association study for blood lipid phenotypes in the Framingham Heart Study., BMC medical genetics. [PubMed 17903299]
    Using a 100K genome-wide scan, we have generated a set of putative associations for common sequence variants and lipid phenotypes. Validation of selected hypotheses in additional samples did not identify any new loci underlying variability in blood lipids. Lack of replication may be due to inadequate statistical power to detect modest quantitative trait locus effects (i.e., <1% of trait variance explained) or reduced genomic coverage of the 100K array. GWAS in FHS using a denser genome-wide genotyping platform and a better-powered replication strategy may identify novel loci underlying blood lipids.
  3. Triglycerides
    Sekar Kathiresan et al. BMC medical genetics 2007, A genome-wide association study for blood lipid phenotypes in the Framingham Heart Study., BMC medical genetics. [PubMed 17903299]
    Using a 100K genome-wide scan, we have generated a set of putative associations for common sequence variants and lipid phenotypes. Validation of selected hypotheses in additional samples did not identify any new loci underlying variability in blood lipids. Lack of replication may be due to inadequate statistical power to detect modest quantitative trait locus effects (i.e., <1% of trait variance explained) or reduced genomic coverage of the 100K array. GWAS in FHS using a denser genome-wide genotyping platform and a better-powered replication strategy may identify novel loci underlying blood lipids.
           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: PRRX1
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: agnathia-otocephaly complex* (1698), auriculo-condylar syndrome* (400), dysgnathia complex* (400), auriculocondylar syndrome 1* (283)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 35.74 RPKM in Cervix - Endocervix
Total median expression: 434.68 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -7.8047-0.166 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -865.433370-0.257 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  Pfam Domains:
PF00046 - Homeobox domain

SCOP Domains:
46689 - Homeodomain-like

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P54821-2
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
Gene SorterGene Sorter    
 RGD    
 Protein Sequence    
 Alignment    

-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AK225968 - Homo sapiens mRNA for paired mesoderm homeobox 1 isoform pmx-1b variant, clone: FCC113D08.
BC074993 - Homo sapiens paired related homeobox 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:103918 IMAGE:30915308), complete cds.
EU446648 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100070209; IMAGE:100011857; FLH258737.01L paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) gene, encodes complete protein.
AB527492 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB7942, Homo sapiens PRRX1 gene for paired related homeobox 1, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
AB451463 - Homo sapiens PRRX1 mRNA for paired mesoderm homeobox 1 isoform pmx-1b, partial cds, clone: FLJ09016AAAF.
M95929 - Human homeobox protein (PHOX1) mRNA, 3' end.
JD485752 - Sequence 466776 from Patent EP1572962.
JD040548 - Sequence 21572 from Patent EP1572962.
JD041019 - Sequence 22043 from Patent EP1572962.
JD215060 - Sequence 196084 from Patent EP1572962.
JD470431 - Sequence 451455 from Patent EP1572962.
JD320403 - Sequence 301427 from Patent EP1572962.
JD503315 - Sequence 484339 from Patent EP1572962.
JD378480 - Sequence 359504 from Patent EP1572962.
JD489357 - Sequence 470381 from Patent EP1572962.
JD113730 - Sequence 94754 from Patent EP1572962.
JD562371 - Sequence 543395 from Patent EP1572962.
JD429609 - Sequence 410633 from Patent EP1572962.
JD153902 - Sequence 134926 from Patent EP1572962.
JD433947 - Sequence 414971 from Patent EP1572962.
JD040477 - Sequence 21501 from Patent EP1572962.
JD224057 - Sequence 205081 from Patent EP1572962.
JD512179 - Sequence 493203 from Patent EP1572962.
JD038194 - Sequence 19218 from Patent EP1572962.
JD266279 - Sequence 247303 from Patent EP1572962.
JD038442 - Sequence 19466 from Patent EP1572962.
JD168822 - Sequence 149846 from Patent EP1572962.
JD509055 - Sequence 490079 from Patent EP1572962.
JD042428 - Sequence 23452 from Patent EP1572962.
JD563958 - Sequence 544982 from Patent EP1572962.
JD239310 - Sequence 220334 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: NM_006902, NP_008833, P54821-2, PMX1
UCSC ID: uc001ghe.3
RefSeq Accession: NM_006902
Protein: P54821-2, splice isoform of P54821 CCDS: CCDS1291.1

-  Gene Model Information
 
category: coding nonsense-mediated-decay: no RNA accession: NM_006902.3
exon count: 5CDS single in 3' UTR: no RNA size: 4071
ORF size: 654CDS single in intron: no Alignment % ID: 100.00
txCdsPredict score: 1508.00frame shift in genome: no % Coverage: 100.00
has start codon: yes stop codon in genome: no # of Alignments: 1
has end codon: yes retained intron: no # AT/AC introns 0
selenocysteine: no end bleed into intron: 0# strange splices: 0
Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.