Human Gene GSTO1 (uc001kya.3)
  Description: Homo sapiens glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
RefSeq Summary (NM_004832): The protein encoded by this gene is an omega class glutathione S-transferase (GST) with glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. GSTs are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens. The encoded protein acts as a homodimer and is found in the cytoplasm. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010].
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr10:106,014,468-106,027,222 Size: 12,755 Total Exon Count: 6 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr10:106,014,687-106,027,163 Size: 12,477 Coding Exon Count: 6 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersGenetic AssociationsMalaCards
CTDGene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein Structure
Other SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel Information
Methods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2013-06-14

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr10:106,014,468-106,027,222)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (241 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
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MGIneXtProtOMIMPubMedReactomeTreefam
UniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: GSTO1_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Glutathione S-transferase omega-1; Short=GSTO-1; EC=2.5.1.18; AltName: Full=Glutathione S-transferase omega 1-1; Short=GSTO 1-1; AltName: Full=Glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase; EC=1.8.5.1; AltName: Full=Monomethylarsonic acid reductase; Short=MMA(V) reductase; EC=1.20.4.2; AltName: Full=S-(Phenacyl)glutathione reductase; Short=SPG-R;
FUNCTION: Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Has S-(phenacyl)glutathione reductase activity. Has also glutathione S-transferase activity. Participates in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic and reduces monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsonic acid.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 2 glutathione + dehydroascorbate = glutathione disulfide + ascorbate.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Methylarsonate + 2 glutathione = methylarsonite + glutathione disulfide + H(2)O.
ENZYME REGULATION: Monomethylarsonic acid reductase activity is competitively inhibited by 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and by deoxycholate.
BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: pH dependence: Optimum pH is 8;
SUBUNIT: Homodimer.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous. Highest expression in liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, thymus, colon, blood leukocyte and heart. Lowest expression in brain, placenta and lung.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Omega family.
SIMILARITY: Contains 1 GST C-terminal domain.
SIMILARITY: Contains 1 GST N-terminal domain.
SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=CAD97673.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened;

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Genetic Association Studies of Complex Diseases and Disorders
  Genetic Association Database (archive): GSTO1
CDC HuGE Published Literature: GSTO1
Positive Disease Associations: Alzheimer's Disease , Parkinson's disease , stroke; dementia
Related Studies:
  1. Alzheimer's Disease
    Li YJ et al 2003, Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 modifiesage-at-onset of Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease., Human molecular genetics. 2003 Dec;12(24):3259-67. [PubMed 14570706]
  2. Parkinson's disease
    Li YJ et al 2003, Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 modifiesage-at-onset of Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease., Human molecular genetics. 2003 Dec;12(24):3259-67. [PubMed 14570706]
  3. stroke; dementia
    Kolsch, H. et al. 2004, Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase omega-1 and AD, vascular dementia, and stroke., Neurology. 2004 Dec;63(12):2255-60. [PubMed 15623683]
    The GSTO1 Asp allele may be a genetic risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, and might influence the course of Alzheimer disease, even though effects vary in different studies.
           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: GSTO1
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: proliferative type fibrocystic change of breast (17), intracystic papillary adenoma (16), cavernous sinus meningioma (11), patella, chondromalacia of (11), facial neuralgia (9), cavernous sinus thrombosis (8), thoracic outlet syndrome (7), trigeminal nerve disease (7), chondromalacia (7), trigeminal neuralgia (5), parkinson disease, late-onset (1)

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 85.16 RPKM in Liver
Total median expression: 1882.88 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -96.40219-0.440 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -11.2059-0.190 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR010987 - Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like
IPR004045 - Glutathione_S-Trfase_N
IPR017933 - Glutathione_S_Trfase/Cl_chnl_C
IPR004046 - GST_C
IPR005442 - GST_omega
IPR012336 - Thioredoxin-like_fold

Pfam Domains:
PF00043 - Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain
PF02798 - Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain
PF13409 - Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain
PF13410 - Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain
PF13417 - Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain
PF14497 - Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain

SCOP Domains:
47616 - Glutathione S-transferase (GST), C-terminal domain
52833 - Thioredoxin-like

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help
1EEM - X-ray MuPIT 3LFL - X-ray MuPIT 3VLN - X-ray MuPIT


ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P78417
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The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologGenome BrowserGenome BrowserGenome BrowserGenome BrowserNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details Gene DetailsGene Details 
Gene SorterGene Sorter Gene SorterGene Sorter 
 RGDEnsemblFlyBaseWormBase 
 Protein SequenceProtein SequenceProtein SequenceProtein Sequence 
 AlignmentAlignmentAlignmentAlignment 

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0004364 glutathione transferase activity
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity
GO:0045174 glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity
GO:0050610 methylarsonate reductase activity

Biological Process:
GO:0006749 glutathione metabolic process
GO:0008152 metabolic process
GO:0009407 toxin catabolic process
GO:0010880 regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum
GO:0010881 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion
GO:0014810 positive regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion
GO:0019852 L-ascorbic acid metabolic process
GO:0032259 methylation
GO:0035722 interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0042178 xenobiotic catabolic process
GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process
GO:0060315 negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
GO:0060316 positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
GO:0071243 cellular response to arsenic-containing substance
GO:0098869 cellular oxidant detoxification
GO:1901687 glutathione derivative biosynthetic process

Cellular Component:
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005829 cytosol
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  BX537431 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp686H13163 (from clone DKFZp686H13163); complete cds.
AK313680 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ94267, highly similar to Homo sapiens glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1), mRNA.
BC000127 - Homo sapiens glutathione S-transferase omega 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:1503 IMAGE:3351359), complete cds.
AF212303 - Homo sapiens glutathione transferase omega (GSTO1) mRNA, complete cds.
EU794619 - Homo sapiens epididymis secretory protein Li 21 (HEL-S-21) mRNA, complete cds.
U90313 - Human glutathione-S-transferase homolog mRNA, complete cds.
AB590772 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pFN21AE1734, Homo sapiens GSTO1 gene for glutathione S-transferase omega 1, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
KJ892771 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_02165 GSTO1 gene, encodes complete protein.
KR709755 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone CCSBHm_00005695 GSTO1 (GSTO1) mRNA, encodes complete protein.
U56250 - Human HeLa mRNA isolated as a false positive in a two-hybrid-screen.
JD477581 - Sequence 458605 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
hsa00480 - Glutathione metabolism
hsa00980 - Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
hsa00982 - Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450

BioCyc Knowledge Library
PWY-4061 - glutathione-mediated detoxification
PWY-4202 - arsenate detoxification I (glutaredoxin)

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P78417 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-5696230 GSTO1 dimer reduces methylarsonate to methylarsonite
R-HSA-176054 GST dimers conjugate GSH with cytosolic substrates
R-HSA-198813 2xGSTOs reduce DHvitC to VitC
R-HSA-8950505 Gene and protein expression by JAK-STAT signaling after Interleukin-12 stimulation
R-HSA-9020591 Interleukin-12 signaling
R-HSA-156581 Methylation
R-HSA-447115 Interleukin-12 family signaling
R-HSA-156590 Glutathione conjugation
R-HSA-196836 Vitamin C (ascorbate) metabolism
R-HSA-156580 Phase II - Conjugation of compounds
R-HSA-449147 Signaling by Interleukins
R-HSA-196849 Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors
R-HSA-211859 Biological oxidations
R-HSA-1280215 Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-196854 Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism
R-HSA-168256 Immune System

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: GSTO1_HUMAN, GSTTLP28, NM_004832, NP_001177932, P78417, Q5TA03, Q7Z3T2
UCSC ID: uc001kya.3
RefSeq Accession: NM_004832
Protein: P78417 (aka GSTO1_HUMAN or GTO1_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS7555.1

-  Gene Model Information
 
category: coding nonsense-mediated-decay: no RNA accession: NM_004832.2
exon count: 6CDS single in 3' UTR: no RNA size: 1017
ORF size: 726CDS single in intron: no Alignment % ID: 100.00
txCdsPredict score: 1634.00frame shift in genome: no % Coverage: 98.72
has start codon: yes stop codon in genome: no # of Alignments: 1
has end codon: yes retained intron: no # AT/AC introns 0
selenocysteine: no end bleed into intron: 0# strange splices: 0
Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.