Description: Homo sapiens paired-like homeobox 2a (PHOX2A), mRNA. RefSeq Summary (NM_005169): The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain most similar to that of the Drosophila aristaless gene product. The encoded protein plays a central role in development of the autonomic nervous system. It regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, two catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes essential for the differentiation and maintenance of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotype. The encoded protein has also been shown to regulate transcription of the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg19 chr11:71,950,121-71,955,220 Size: 5,100 Total Exon Count: 3 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg19 chr11:71,950,793-71,955,048 Size: 4,256 Coding Exon Count: 3
ID:PHX2A_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 2A; AltName: Full=ARIX1 homeodomain protein; AltName: Full=Aristaless homeobox protein homolog; AltName: Full=Paired-like homeobox 2A; FUNCTION: May be involved in regulating the specificity of expression of the catecholamine biosynthetic genes. Acts as a transcription activator/factor. Could maintain the noradrenergic phenotype. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus (By similarity). DISEASE: Defects in PHOX2A are the cause of congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles type 2 (CFEOM2) [MIM:602078]. CFEOM encompasses several different inherited strabismus syndromes characterized by congenital restrictive ophthalmoplegia affecting extraocular muscles innervated by the oculomotor and/or trochlear nerves. CFEOM is characterized clinically by anchoring of the eyes in downward gaze, ptosis, and backward tilt of the head. CFEOM2 may result from the aberrant development of the oculomotor (nIII), trochlear (nIV) and abducens (nVI) cranial nerve nuclei. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paired homeobox family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 homeobox DNA-binding domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/PHOX2A";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O14813
Front
Top
Side
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.
Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000981 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0003677 DNA binding GO:0003700 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding
Biological Process: GO:0003357 noradrenergic neuron differentiation GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0021523 somatic motor neuron differentiation GO:0021623 oculomotor nerve formation GO:0021642 trochlear nerve formation GO:0021703 locus ceruleus development GO:0030901 midbrain development GO:0043576 regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0048485 sympathetic nervous system development GO:0048486 parasympathetic nervous system development GO:0071542 dopaminergic neuron differentiation