Human Gene FHL2 (uc002tcv.3)
  Description: Homo sapiens four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2), transcript variant 5, mRNA.
RefSeq Summary (NM_001039492): This gene encodes a member of the four-and-a-half-LIM-only protein family. Family members contain two highly conserved, tandemly arranged, zinc finger domains with four highly conserved cysteines binding a zinc atom in each zinc finger. This protein is thought to have a role in the assembly of extracellular membranes. Also, this gene is down-regulated during transformation of normal myoblasts to rhabdomyosarcoma cells and the encoded protein may function as a link between presenilin-2 and an intracellular signaling pathway. Multiple alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016].
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr2:105,977,283-106,015,575 Size: 38,293 Total Exon Count: 7 Strand: -
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr2:105,977,740-106,002,973 Size: 25,234 Coding Exon Count: 5 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersGenetic AssociationsMalaCards
CTDGene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein Structure
Other SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel Information
Methods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2013-06-14

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr2:105,977,283-106,015,575)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (279 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
GeneNetworkH-INVHGNCLynxMalacardsMGI
neXtProtOMIMPubMedReactomeTreefamUniProtKB
WikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: FHL2_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Four and a half LIM domains protein 2; Short=FHL-2; AltName: Full=LIM domain protein DRAL; AltName: Full=Skeletal muscle LIM-protein 3; Short=SLIM-3;
FUNCTION: May function as a molecular transmitter linking various signaling pathways to transcriptional regulation. Negatively regulates the transcriptional repressor E4F1 and may function in cell growth. Inhibits the transcriptional activity of FOXO1 and its apoptotic function by enhancing the interaction of FOXO1 with SIRT1 and FOXO1 deacetylation.
SUBUNIT: Interacts with ZNF638 and TTN/titin. Interacts with E4F1. Interacts with GRB7. Interacts with SIRT1 and FOXO1.
INTERACTION: Self; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-701903, EBI-701903; P18847:ATF3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-701903, EBI-712767; Q12778:FOXO1; NbExp=8; IntAct=EBI-701903, EBI-1108782; Q96EB6:SIRT1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-701903, EBI-1802965; Q9NYA1:SPHK1; NbExp=7; IntAct=EBI-701903, EBI-985303; Q9H9D4:ZNF408; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-701903, EBI-347633;
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in skeletal muscle and heart.
DOMAIN: The third LIM zinc-binding mediates interaction with E4F1.
SIMILARITY: Contains 4 LIM zinc-binding domains.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Genetic Association Studies of Complex Diseases and Disorders
  Genetic Association Database (archive): FHL2
CDC HuGE Published Literature: FHL2
Positive Disease Associations: Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Calcium , Hypertension , Lipoproteins, VLDL
Related Studies:
  1. Body Mass Index
    Caroline S Fox et al. BMC medical genetics 2007, Genome-wide association to body mass index and waist circumference: the Framingham Heart Study 100K project., BMC medical genetics. [PubMed 17903300]
    Adiposity traits are associated with SNPs on the Affymetrix 100K SNP GeneChip. Replication of these initial findings is necessary. These data will serve as a resource for replication as more genes become identified with BMI and WC.
  2. Body Weight
    Caroline S Fox et al. BMC medical genetics 2007, Genome-wide association to body mass index and waist circumference: the Framingham Heart Study 100K project., BMC medical genetics. [PubMed 17903300]
    Adiposity traits are associated with SNPs on the Affymetrix 100K SNP GeneChip. Replication of these initial findings is necessary. These data will serve as a resource for replication as more genes become identified with BMI and WC.
  3. Calcium
    , , . [PubMed 0]
           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: FHL2
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy* (58), rhabdomyosarcoma (19), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (14), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 24 without anosmia (11), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 4 (9), cervical polyp (8), testis seminoma (7)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 133.41 RPKM in Heart - Left Ventricle
Total median expression: 597.20 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -94.20224-0.421 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -101.20457-0.221 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR001781 - Znf_LIM

Pfam Domains:
PF00412 - LIM domain

SCOP Domains:
57716 - Glucocorticoid receptor-like (DNA-binding domain)

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help
1X4K - NMR MuPIT 1X4L - NMR MuPIT 2D8Z - NMR MuPIT


ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q14192
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The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
 Gene Details    
 Gene Sorter    
 RGD    
 Protein Sequence    
 Alignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0008134 transcription factor binding
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
GO:0046872 metal ion binding
GO:0050681 androgen receptor binding

Biological Process:
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation
GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006357 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0009725 response to hormone
GO:0019216 regulation of lipid metabolic process
GO:0030521 androgen receptor signaling pathway
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0055014 atrial cardiac muscle cell development
GO:0055015 ventricular cardiac muscle cell development
GO:0060347 heart trabecula formation

Cellular Component:
GO:0005634 nucleus
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005925 focal adhesion
GO:0030018 Z disc
GO:0031430 M band


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AB158503 - Homo sapiens FHL2 mRNA for splice variant of four and a half LIM domain protein 2, complete cds.
U29332 - Homo sapiens heart protein (FHL-2) mRNA, complete cds.
BC036085 - Homo sapiens four and a half LIM domains 2, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:5298723).
CR936682 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp781J01103 (from clone DKFZp781J01103).
BC093049 - Homo sapiens four and a half LIM domains 2, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:111118 IMAGE:30374919), complete cds.
BC012742 - Homo sapiens four and a half LIM domains 2, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:15296 IMAGE:3840517), complete cds.
BC014397 - Homo sapiens four and a half LIM domains 2, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:1574 IMAGE:3546686), complete cds.
DQ266432 - Homo sapiens FHL2 isoform 5 mRNA, complete cds.
AK097756 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ40437 fis, clone TESTI2039707.
CR936799 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp781D198 (from clone DKFZp781D198).
L42176 - Homo sapiens (clone 35.3) DRAL mRNA, complete cds.
JD357328 - Sequence 338352 from Patent EP1572962.
JD227979 - Sequence 209003 from Patent EP1572962.
JD306819 - Sequence 287843 from Patent EP1572962.
U60117 - Human skeletal muscle LIM-protein SLIM3 mRNA, partial cds.
JD086982 - Sequence 68006 from Patent EP1572962.
JD363259 - Sequence 344283 from Patent EP1572962.
JD556934 - Sequence 537958 from Patent EP1572962.
JD312769 - Sequence 293793 from Patent EP1572962.
JD316870 - Sequence 297894 from Patent EP1572962.
AY634685 - Homo sapiens aging-associated gene 11 (AAG11) mRNA, complete cds.
DQ307067 - Homo sapiens bone marrow four and a half LIM-domain protein 2 (FHL2) mRNA, complete cds.
JQ313902 - Homo sapiens four-and-a-half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) mRNA, complete cds.
AK313841 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ94468, Homo sapiens four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2), mRNA.
CU676975 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100023317 5' read FHL2 mRNA.
KJ891174 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_00568 FHL2 gene, encodes complete protein.
BT006960 - Homo sapiens four and a half LIM domains 2 mRNA, complete cds.
DQ896335 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100010795; FLH193378.01L; RZPDo839F0868D four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) gene, encodes complete protein.
EU176424 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100006502; FLH193382.01X; RZPDo839F0878D four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) gene, encodes complete protein.
AB590239 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pFN21AB6530, Homo sapiens FHL2 gene for four and a half LIM domains 2, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
CR457437 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834D076D for gene FHL2, four and a half LIM domains 2; complete cds, incl. stopcodon.
JD564241 - Sequence 545265 from Patent EP1572962.
JD069230 - Sequence 50254 from Patent EP1572962.
JD200511 - Sequence 181535 from Patent EP1572962.
JD408148 - Sequence 389172 from Patent EP1572962.
JD235697 - Sequence 216721 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project
h_p53hypoxiaPathway - Hypoxia and p53 in the Cardiovascular system

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein Q14192 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-1989781 PPARA activates gene expression
R-HSA-400206 Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)
R-HSA-556833 Metabolism of lipids
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: DRAL, FHL2_HUMAN, NM_001039492, NP_963851, Q13229, Q13644, Q14192, Q2I5I4, Q9P294, SLIM3
UCSC ID: uc002tcv.3
RefSeq Accession: NM_001039492
Protein: Q14192 (aka FHL2_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS2070.1

-  Gene Model Information
 
category: coding nonsense-mediated-decay: no RNA accession: NM_001039492.2
exon count: 7CDS single in 3' UTR: no RNA size: 1552
ORF size: 840CDS single in intron: no Alignment % ID: 100.00
txCdsPredict score: 1784.50frame shift in genome: no % Coverage: 98.00
has start codon: yes stop codon in genome: no # of Alignments: 1
has end codon: yes retained intron: no # AT/AC introns 0
selenocysteine: no end bleed into intron: 0# strange splices: 0
Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.