Human Gene PF4 (uc003hhi.3)
  Description: Homo sapiens platelet factor 4 (PF4), mRNA.
RefSeq Summary (NM_002619): This gene encodes a member of the CXC chemokine family. This chemokine is released from the alpha granules of activated platelets in the form of a homotetramer which has high affinity for heparin and is involved in platelet aggregation. This protein is chemotactic for numerous other cell type and also functions as an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and T-cell function. The protein also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014].
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr4:74,846,542-74,847,841 Size: 1,300 Total Exon Count: 3 Strand: -
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr4:74,846,921-74,847,670 Size: 750 Coding Exon Count: 3 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersGenetic AssociationsMalaCards
CTDGene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein Structure
Other SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel Information
Methods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2013-06-14

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr4:74,846,542-74,847,841)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (101 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAGene interactionsTable SchemaAlphaFold
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HGNCHPRDLynxMalacardsMGIneXtProt
OMIMPubMedReactomeUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: PLF4_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Platelet factor 4; Short=PF-4; AltName: Full=C-X-C motif chemokine 4; AltName: Full=Iroplact; AltName: Full=Oncostatin-A; Contains: RecName: Full=Platelet factor 4, short form; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: Released during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the short form is a more potent inhibitor than the longer form.
SUBUNIT: Homotetramer.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
PTM: Binds non-covalently to a proteoglycan molecule.
MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=7765; Method=Electrospray; Range=32-101; Source=PubMed:7644496;
MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=6033; Method=Electrospray; Range=48-101; Note=Short form; Source=PubMed:7644496;
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=CXCL4 entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL4";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

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Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
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To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Genetic Association Studies of Complex Diseases and Disorders
  Genetic Association Database (archive): PF4
CDC HuGE Published Literature: PF4

-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: PF4
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: erythromelalgia (7), thrombocytopenia (6), megakaryocytic leukemia (5), essential thrombocythemia (5), thrombosis (4), blood platelet disease (4), atrial fibrillation (3), intermediate coronary syndrome (3), mitral valve stenosis (3), hemorrhagic disease (3), stroke, ischemic (3), cold urticaria (3), myocardial infarction (2), blood coagulation disease (2), posterolateral myocardial infarction (2), polycythemia vera, somatic (2), myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, somatic (2), pulmonary hypertension (2), malaria (1), immune system disease (1), anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (1), thrombophilia due to activated protein c resistance (1), lateral medullary syndrome (1), anteroseptal myocardial infarction (1), rubeosis iridis (1), hypertension, essential (1)

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 48.77 RPKM in Whole Blood
Total median expression: 77.12 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -62.40171-0.365 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -80.04379-0.211 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR001089 - Chemokine_CXC
IPR018048 - Chemokine_CXC_CS
IPR002473 - Chemokine_CXCL8/IL8
IPR001811 - Chemokine_IL8-like_dom

Pfam Domains:
PF00048 - Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

SCOP Domains:
54117 - Interleukin 8-like chemokines

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help
1DN3 - NMR 1F9Q - X-ray MuPIT 1F9R - X-ray MuPIT 1F9S - X-ray MuPIT 1PFM - NMR MuPIT 1PFN - NMR MuPIT 1RHP - X-ray MuPIT


ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P02776
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The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
Gene SorterGene Sorter    
 RGD    
 Protein Sequence    
 Alignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005125 cytokine activity
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0008009 chemokine activity
GO:0008201 heparin binding
GO:0048248 CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding

Biological Process:
GO:0002576 platelet degranulation
GO:0006935 chemotaxis
GO:0006952 defense response
GO:0006954 inflammatory response
GO:0006955 immune response
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
GO:0010744 positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
GO:0016525 negative regulation of angiogenesis
GO:0019221 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0030168 platelet activation
GO:0030595 leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0030816 positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process
GO:0031640 killing of cells of other organism
GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0032760 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0042127 regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0042832 defense response to protozoan
GO:0043950 positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
GO:0045347 negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
GO:0045651 positive regulation of macrophage differentiation
GO:0045652 regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
GO:0045653 negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
GO:0045918 negative regulation of cytolysis
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0051873 killing by host of symbiont cells
GO:0070098 chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0090023 positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis
GO:2001240 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0020005 symbiont-containing vacuole membrane
GO:0031093 platelet alpha granule lumen
GO:0097679 other organism cytoplasm


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  KJ891781 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_01175 PF4 gene, encodes complete protein.
M25897 - Human platelet factor 4 (PF4) mRNA, complete cds.
BC112093 - Homo sapiens platelet factor 4, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:138298 IMAGE:8327561), complete cds.
BC093965 - Homo sapiens platelet factor 4, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:121000 IMAGE:7939810), complete cds.
CR407677 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834B1216D for gene PF4, platelet factor 4 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4) complete cds, without stopcodon.
AB527992 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB6745, Homo sapiens PF4 gene for platelet factor 4, without stop codon, in Flexi system.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
hsa04060 - Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
hsa04062 - Chemokine signaling pathway

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P02776 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-481007 Exocytosis of platelet alpha granule contents
R-HSA-373813 Receptor CXCR2 binds ligands CXCL1 to 7
R-HSA-749454 The Ligand:GPCR:Gi complex dissociates
R-HSA-749456 Liganded Gi-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gi
R-HSA-380073 Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi
R-HSA-114608 Platelet degranulation
R-HSA-8936459 RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function
R-HSA-76005 Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+
R-HSA-8878171 Transcriptional regulation by RUNX1
R-HSA-380108 Chemokine receptors bind chemokines
R-HSA-76002 Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation
R-HSA-212436 Generic Transcription Pathway
R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-375276 Peptide ligand-binding receptors
R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis
R-HSA-73857 RNA Polymerase II Transcription
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-373076 Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription)
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: CXCL4, NM_002619, NP_002610, P02776, PLF4_HUMAN, Q53X61, Q9UC64, Q9UC65, SCYB4, uc003hhi.2
UCSC ID: uc003hhi.3
RefSeq Accession: NM_002619
Protein: P02776 (aka PLF4_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS3562.1

-  Gene Model Information
 
category: coding nonsense-mediated-decay: no RNA accession: NM_002619.3
exon count: 3CDS single in 3' UTR: no RNA size: 878
ORF size: 306CDS single in intron: no Alignment % ID: 100.00
txCdsPredict score: 812.00frame shift in genome: no % Coverage: 97.49
has start codon: yes stop codon in genome: no # of Alignments: 1
has end codon: yes retained intron: no # AT/AC introns 0
selenocysteine: no end bleed into intron: 0# strange splices: 0
Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.