Description: Homo sapiens histone cluster 1, H4d (H4C4), mRNA. RefSeq Summary (NM_003539): Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a replication-dependent histone that is a member of the histone H4 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]. Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg19 chr6:26,188,938-26,189,304 Size: 367 Total Exon Count: 1 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg19 chr6:26,188,993-26,189,304 Size: 312 Coding Exon Count: 1
ID:H4_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Histone H4; FUNCTION: Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. SUBUNIT: The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. INTERACTION: Q12830:BPTF; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-1560273; Q12830-4:BPTF; NbExp=16; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-4288838; P49450:CENPA; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-1751979; O14929:HAT1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-2339359; Q9Y468:L3MBTL1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-1265089; P49736:MCM2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-374819; P25205:MCM3; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-355153; P33992:MCM5; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-359410; O14744:PRMT5; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-351098; Q16576:RBBP7; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-352227; Q9NQR1:SETD8; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-302023, EBI-1268946; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome. PTM: Acetylation at Lys-6 (H4K5ac), Lys-9 (H4K8ac), Lys-13 (H4K12ac) and Lys-17 (H4K16ac) occurs in coding regions of the genome but not in heterochromatin. PTM: Citrullination at Arg-4 (H4R3ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation. PTM: Monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-4 (H4R3me1 and H4R3me2a, respectively) by PRMT1 favors acetylation at Lys-9 (H4K8ac) and Lys-13 (H4K12ac). Demethylation is performed by JMJD6. Symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 (H4R3me2s) by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may play a crucial role in the germ-cell lineage. PTM: Monomethylated, dimethylated or trimethylated at Lys-21 (H4K20me1, H4K20me2, H4K20me3). Monomethylation is performed by SET8. Trimethylation is performed by SUV420H1 and SUV420H2 and induces gene silencing. PTM: Phosphorylated by PAK2 at Ser-48 (H4S47ph). This phosphorylation increases the association of H3.3-H4 with the histone chaperone HIRA, thus promoting nucleosome assembly of H3.3-H4 and inhibiting nucleosome assembly of H3.1-H4. PTM: Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins. Monoubiquitinated at Lys-92 of histone H4 (H4K91ub1) in response to DNA damage. The exact role of H4K91ub1 in DNA damage response is still unclear but it may function as a licensing signal for additional histone H4 post-translational modifications such as H4 Lys-21 methylation (H4K20me). PTM: Sumoylated, which is associated with transcriptional repression. PTM: Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H4 family. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=AAI28106.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=3;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P62805
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Mouse
Rat
Zebrafish
D. melanogaster
C. elegans
S. cerevisiae
No ortholog
No ortholog
No ortholog
No ortholog
No ortholog
No ortholog
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary