Description: Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mRNA. RefSeq Summary (NM_000594): This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg19 chr6:31,544,292-31,546,112 Size: 1,821 Total Exon Count: 3 Strand: + Coding Region Position: hg19 chr6:31,545,058-31,545,576 Size: 519 Coding Exon Count: 1
acute renal allograft rejection Lee H 2004, Influence of recipient and donor IL-1alpha, IL-4, and TNFalpha genotypes on the incidence of acute renal allograft rejection., Journal of clinical pathology. 2004 Jan;57(1):101-3.
[PubMed 14693849]
This finding argues for prospective TNFA genotyping of renal donors, with avoidance of allocation of kidneys from donors positive for the TNFA-A allele to HLA-DR mismatched recipients.
alcohol abuse Gonzalez-Quintela, A. et al. 2004, Relation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphisms with serum concentrations and in vitro production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-8 in heavy drinkers., Alcohol (Fayetteville, NY). 2004 Oct-Nov;34(3-Feb):273-7.
[PubMed 15902922]
In comparison with findings for control subjects, heavy drinkers showed higher TNF-alpha production, higher IL-8 production, and higher serum IL-8 concentrations. Increased serum TNF-alpha concentrations were specifically found in heavy drinkers with the -857 (C-->T) substitution (CT heterozygotes), therefore indicating an interaction between alcohol consumption and that polymorphism on serum TNF-alpha concentrations.
allergic rhinitis Gentile, D. A. et al. 2004, Association between TNF-alpha and TGF-beta genotypes in infants and parental history of allergic rhinitis and asthma., Human immunology. 2004 Apr;65(4):347-51.
[PubMed 15120189]
These results suggest a role for TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 genotypes in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma, respectively. If confirmed by future studies, cytokine genotyping may be a useful tool for identifying at-risk infants who may benefit from the selective use of preventative and/or early intervention treatments for these disorders.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Mouse
Rat
Zebrafish
D. melanogaster
C. elegans
S. cerevisiae
No ortholog
No ortholog
No ortholog
No ortholog
No ortholog
No ortholog
Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
AK314960 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ95875, Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)(TNF), mRNA. BC028148 - Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:39905 IMAGE:5217636), complete cds. X01394 - Human mRNA for tumor necrosis factor. M10988 - Human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA. E00423 - cDNA encoding human TNF gene and flanking sequence. E00514 - cDNA coding human tumor necrosis factor. E01053 - cDNA encoding human TNF precursor. E01128 - DNA encoding human TNF precursor. E01590 - cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor. E02008 - cDNA encoding precursor of human tumor necrosis factor. DQ891662 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100004292; FLH179071.01X; RZPDo839C06130D tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) (TNF) gene, encodes complete protein. DQ894849 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100009309; FLH179067.01L; RZPDo839C06129D tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) (TNF) gene, encodes complete protein. AB464327 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB7595, Homo sapiens TNF gene for tumor necrosis factor, without stop codon, in Flexi system. KJ892290 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_01684 TNF gene, encodes complete protein. E00884 - DNA sequence of human pro-TNF. E08302 - cDNA encoding precursor of human tumor necrosis factor. HQ201306 - Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA, complete cds. E00712 - cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor. FJ795028 - Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) mRNA, partial cds. E00702 - cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor. E01153 - cDNA encoding human TNF. AB451492 - Homo sapiens TNF mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha, partial cds, clone: FLJ80001DABN. AF043342 - Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) mRNA, partial cds. AJ251878 - Homo sapiens partial mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha gene), isolate B10, exon 3. AJ251879 - Homo sapiens partial mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha gene),isolate B19, exon 3. E01052 - DNA encoding human mature TNF. E01127 - DNA encoding protein which has TNF-like anti tumor activity. E02672 - cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor-like poly peptide. E01641 - cDNA encoding modified human tumor necrosis factor (hTNF). E01642 - cDNA encoding modified human tumor necrosis factor (hTNF). E01647 - cDNA endoding modified human tumor necrosis factor (hTNF). E04591 - cDNA encoding human TNF. AF098751 - Homo sapiens APC1 protein mRNA, partial cds. E01925 - cDNA encoding new TNF polypeptide. JD380278 - Sequence 361302 from Patent EP1572962. JD054693 - Sequence 35717 from Patent EP1572962. FW573317 - JP 2010529847-A/38: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. JD184985 - Sequence 166009 from Patent EP1572962. FW573321 - JP 2010529847-A/42: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. JD495115 - Sequence 476139 from Patent EP1572962. JD061975 - Sequence 42999 from Patent EP1572962. JD086132 - Sequence 67156 from Patent EP1572962. FW573319 - JP 2010529847-A/40: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. FW573318 - JP 2010529847-A/39: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. JD346852 - Sequence 327876 from Patent EP1572962. FW573313 - JP 2010529847-A/34: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. FW573315 - JP 2010529847-A/36: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. AJ227911 - Homo sapiens partial mRNA; ID YG39-2, YG53, EE2-16F2. FW573316 - JP 2010529847-A/37: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. JD226145 - Sequence 207169 from Patent EP1572962. JD351270 - Sequence 332294 from Patent EP1572962. FW573322 - JP 2010529847-A/43: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. JD391029 - Sequence 372053 from Patent EP1572962. JD313727 - Sequence 294751 from Patent EP1572962. FW573320 - JP 2010529847-A/41: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity. JD328621 - Sequence 309645 from Patent EP1572962.