Description: Homo sapiens ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family (ELK1), transcript variant 2, mRNA. RefSeq Summary (NM_005229): This gene is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the the serum response factor and the serum response element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear target for the ras-raf-MAPK signaling cascade. This gene produces multiple isoforms by using alternative translational start codons and by alternative splicing. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 7 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]. Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg19 chrX:47,494,919-47,510,003 Size: 15,085 Total Exon Count: 6 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg19 chrX:47,496,228-47,500,840 Size: 4,613 Coding Exon Count: 5
ID:ELK1_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1; FUNCTION: Stimulates transcription. Binds to purine-rich DNA sequences. Can form a ternary complex with the serum response factor and the ETS and SRF motifs of the fos serum response element. SUBUNIT: Interacts in its sumoylated form with PIAS2/PIASX which enhances its transcriptional activator activity. Interacts with MAD2L2; the interaction is direct and promotes phosphorylation by the kinases MAPK8 and/or MAPK9. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Lung and testis. PTM: Sumoylation represses transcriptional activator activity as it results in recruitment of HDAC2 to target gene promoters which leads to decreased histone acetylation and reduced transactivator activity. It also regulates nuclear retention. PTM: On mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylated on C-terminal serine and threonine residues by MAPK1. Ser-383 and Ser-389 are the preferred sites for MAPK1. In vitro, phosphorylation by MAPK1 potentiates ternary complex formation with the serum responses factors, SRE and SRF. Also phosphorylated on Ser-383 by MAPK8 and/or MAKP9. Phosphorylation leads to loss of sumoylation and restores transcriptional activator activity. Phosphorylated and activated by CAMK4, MAPK11, MAPK12 and MAPK14. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ETS family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 ETS DNA-binding domain.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P19419
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000981 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0001077 transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding GO:0001085 RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding GO:0003677 DNA binding GO:0003682 chromatin binding GO:0003690 double-stranded DNA binding GO:0003700 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding
Biological Process: GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006366 transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0009416 response to light stimulus GO:0030154 cell differentiation GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0071394 cellular response to testosterone stimulus GO:0071396 cellular response to lipid GO:0071480 cellular response to gamma radiation GO:0071774 response to fibroblast growth factor GO:1901216 positive regulation of neuron death