Human Gene BCO2 (ENST00000357685.11) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_031938) RefSeq Summary (NM_031938): This gene encodes an enzyme which oxidizes carotenoids such as beta-carotene during the biosynthesis of vitamin A. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000357685.11 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000197580.13 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr11:112,175,512-112,218,946 Size: 43,435 Total Exon Count: 12 Strand: + Coding Region Position: hg38 chr11:112,175,602-112,217,874 Size: 42,273 Coding Exon Count: 12
ID:BCDO2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Beta,beta-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase; EC=1.14.99.n2; AltName: Full=B-diox-II; AltName: Full=Beta-carotene dioxygenase 2; FUNCTION: Asymmetrically cleaves beta-carotene at the 9',10' double bond resulting in the formation of beta-apo-10'-carotenal and beta-ionone. Besides beta-carotene, lycopene is also oxidatively cleaved. The apocarotenals formed by this enzyme may be the precursors for the biosynthesis of retinoic acid or exert unknown physiological effects. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Beta-carotene + O(2) = 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone. COFACTOR: Binds 1 Fe(2+) ion per subunit (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in retinal pigment epithelium. Also expressed in stomach, small intestine, liver, testis, kidney, adrenal gland, pancreas, heart, skeletal muscle and prostate (at protein level). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=CAC27994.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
Pfam Domains: PF03055 - Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q9BYV7
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity GO:0016702 oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen GO:0046872 metal ion binding GO:0051213 dioxygenase activity
Biological Process: GO:0001523 retinoid metabolic process GO:0016116 carotenoid metabolic process GO:0016119 carotene metabolic process GO:0016121 carotene catabolic process GO:0016122 xanthophyll metabolic process GO:0042573 retinoic acid metabolic process GO:0042574 retinal metabolic process GO:0051881 regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process GO:2000377 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process