Human Gene ZP3 (ENST00000394857.8) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_001110354) RefSeq Summary (NM_001110354): The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The protein encoded by this gene is a structural component of the zona pellucida and functions in primary binding and induction of the sperm acrosome reaction. The nascent protein contains a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a conserved ZP domain, a C-terminal consensus furin cleavage site, and a transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies. A variation in the last exon of this gene has previously served as the basis for an additional ZP3 locus; however, sequence and literature review reveals that there is only one full-length ZP3 locus in the human genome. Another locus encoding a bipartite transcript designated POMZP3 contains a duplication of the last four exons of ZP3, including the above described variation, and maps closely to this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000394857.8 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000188372.15 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr7:76,424,950-76,442,069 Size: 17,120 Total Exon Count: 8 Strand: + Coding Region Position: hg38 chr7:76,424,965-76,442,056 Size: 17,092 Coding Exon Count: 8
ID:ZP3_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3; AltName: Full=Sperm receptor; AltName: Full=ZP3A/ZP3B; AltName: Full=Zona pellucida glycoprotein 3; Short=Zp-3; AltName: Full=Zona pellucida protein C; Contains: RecName: Full=Processed zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: The mammalian zona pellucida, which mediates species- specific sperm binding, induction of the acrosome reaction and prevents post-fertilization polyspermy, is composed of three to four glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4. ZP3 is essential for sperm binding and zona matrix formation. SUBUNIT: Polymers of ZP2 and ZP3 organized into long filaments cross-linked by ZP1 homodimers (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Processed zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Oocytes. DOMAIN: The ZP domain is involved in the polymerization of the ZP proteins to form the zona pellucida. PTM: Proteolytically cleaved before the transmembrane segment to yield the secreted ectodomain incorporated in the zona pellucida. PTM: N-glycosylated (By similarity). PTM: O-glycosylated; removal of O-linked glycans may play an important role in the post-fertilization block to polyspermy (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZP domain family. ZPC subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 ZP domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Protein Spotlight; Note=Molecular chastity - Issue 93 of April 2008; URL="http://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/sptlt093.shtml";
Pfam Domains: PF00100 - Zona pellucida-like domain
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P21754
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0001809 positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity GO:0001825 blastocyst formation GO:0002455 humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin GO:0002687 positive regulation of leukocyte migration GO:0002922 positive regulation of humoral immune response GO:0007338 single fertilization GO:0007339 binding of sperm to zona pellucida GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity GO:0010513 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process GO:0032729 positive regulation of interferon-gamma production GO:0032753 positive regulation of interleukin-4 production GO:0035803 egg coat formation GO:0042102 positive regulation of T cell proliferation GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0048015 phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling GO:0048599 oocyte development GO:0050729 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:2000344 positive regulation of acrosome reaction GO:2000360 negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida GO:2000368 positive regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis GO:2000386 positive regulation of ovarian follicle development GO:2000388 positive regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth