Human Gene INSL4 (ENST00000239316.4) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens insulin like 4 (INSL4), mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_002195)
RefSeq Summary (NM_002195): INSL4 encodes the insulin-like 4 protein, a member of the insulin superfamily. INSL4 encodes a precursor that undergoes post-translational cleavage to produce 3 polypeptide chains, A-C, that form tertiary structures composed of either all three chains, or just the A and B chains. Expression of INSL4 products occurs within the early placental cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000239316.4
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000120211.4
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr9:5,231,419-5,235,304 Size: 3,886 Total Exon Count: 2 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr9:5,231,524-5,233,877 Size: 2,354 Coding Exon Count: 2 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDRNA-Seq Expression
Microarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA Descriptions
Other NamesMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr9:5,231,419-5,235,304)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (139 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAGene interactionsTable SchemaAlphaFold
BioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGencodeGeneCards
HGNCHPRDLynxMalacardsMGIneXtProt
OMIMPubMedUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: INSL4_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Early placenta insulin-like peptide; Short=EPIL; AltName: Full=Insulin-like peptide 4; AltName: Full=Placentin; Contains: RecName: Full=Early placenta insulin-like peptide B chain; Contains: RecName: Full=Early placenta insulin-like peptide A chain; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: May play an important role in trophoblast development and in the regulation of bone formation.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted (By similarity).
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in placenta, uterus and in fetal perichondrium. Expression levels were increased in both early placentas and molar pregnancies and were reduced in choriocarcinoma cells.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Highly expressed in the early placenta. Expression of epil peptides in the villous cytotrophoblast is different from that displayed by the syncytiotrophoblast. In fetal tissues it was identified in the perichondrium of all four limbs, vertebrae, and ribs. It was abundant in interbone ligaments.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insulin family.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 0.02 RPKM in Testis
Total median expression: 0.03 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -27.70105-0.264 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -358.001427-0.251 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR023258 - Placentin
IPR022421 - Relaxin

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q14641
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
MGI     
Protein Sequence     
Alignment     

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005102 receptor binding
GO:0005159 insulin-like growth factor receptor binding
GO:0005179 hormone activity

Biological Process:
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling
GO:0007275 multicellular organism development
GO:0007565 female pregnancy
GO:0008283 cell proliferation
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  BC026254 - Homo sapiens insulin-like 4 (placenta), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:22499 IMAGE:4770395), complete cds.
JD080415 - Sequence 61439 from Patent EP1572962.
AK291543 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ76562 complete cds, highly similar to Homo sapiens insulin-like 4 (placenta) (INSL4), mRNA.
L34838 - Homo sapiens early placenta insulin-like peptide EPIL (INSL4) mRNA, complete cds.
JD205730 - Sequence 186754 from Patent EP1572962.
JD518420 - Sequence 499444 from Patent EP1572962.
JD341320 - Sequence 322344 from Patent EP1572962.
CU693182 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100022087 5' read INSL4 mRNA.
KJ891483 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_00877 INSL4 gene, encodes complete protein.

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: A8K678, ENST00000239316.1, ENST00000239316.2, ENST00000239316.3, INSL4_HUMAN, NM_002195, Q14641, Q5W127, uc003ziy.1, uc003ziy.2, uc003ziy.3, uc003ziy.4
UCSC ID: ENST00000239316.4
RefSeq Accession: NM_002195
Protein: Q14641 (aka INSL4_HUMAN or INL4_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS6459.1

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.