Human Gene PKM (ENST00000389093.7) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM), transcript variant 5, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_001206797)
RefSeq Summary (NM_001206797): This gene encodes a protein involved in glycolysis. The encoded protein is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, generating ATP and pyruvate. This protein has been shown to interact with thyroid hormone and may mediate cellular metabolic effects induced by thyroid hormones. This protein has been found to bind Opa protein, a bacterial outer membrane protein involved in gonococcal adherence to and invasion of human cells, suggesting a role of this protein in bacterial pathogenesis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding a few distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011].
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000389093.7
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000067225.21
Transcript (Including UTRs)
Position: hg38 chr15:72,199,029-72,231,386 Size: 32,358 Total Exon Count: 10 Strand: -
Coding Region
Position: hg38 chr15:72,199,650-72,219,097 Size: 19,448 Coding Exon Count: 9
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
ID: B4DNK4_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Pyruvate kinase; EC=2.7.1.40;
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate.PATHWAY: Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 5/5.SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family.
Primer design for this transcript
MalaCards Disease Associations
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
Microarray Expression Data
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mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
Protein Domain and Structure Information
InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure IPR001697 - Pyr_Knase
IPR015813 - Pyrv/PenolPyrv_Kinase
IPR011037 - Pyrv_Knase-like_insert_dom
IPR015794 - Pyrv_Knase_a/b
IPR018209 - Pyrv_Knase_AS
IPR015793 - Pyrv_Knase_brl
IPR015795 - Pyrv_Knase_C
Pfam Domains: PF00224 - Pyruvate kinase, barrel domain
PF02887 - Pyruvate kinase, alpha/beta domain
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on B4DNK4
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
BC035198 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:9369 IMAGE:3859987), complete cds.M26252 - Human TCB gene encoding cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein, complete cds.EU794631 - Homo sapiens epididymis secretory protein Li 30 (HEL-S-30) mRNA, complete cds.HZ489613 - JP 2016020328-A/13: ANTICANCER AGENT.LX088621 - JP 2017075124-A/1: DRUG SENSITIVITY ENHANCING AGENT FOR CANCER CELL, METHOD FOR PREDICTING DRUG SENSITIVITY, AND DRUG SENSITIVITY BIOMARKER.BC023592 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4646848).BC096823 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:30558692).BC007640 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:15908 IMAGE:3533876), complete cds.BC012811 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:3932 IMAGE:2958817), complete cds.BC000481 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:8698 IMAGE:2964687), complete cds.BC094767 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:104654 IMAGE:5296639), complete cds.AK092369 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ35050 fis, clone OCBBF2018167, highly similar to Pyruvate kinase isozyme M1 (EC 2.7.1.40).AK299413 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ53645 complete cds, highly similar to Pyruvate kinase isozyme M1 (EC 2.7.1.40).BC007952 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:14360 IMAGE:4299213), complete cds.AK297951 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ53368 complete cds, highly similar to Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (EC 2.7.1.40).M23725 - Human M2-type pyruvate kinase mRNA, complete cds.AK222927 - Homo sapiens mRNA for pyruvate kinase 3 isoform 1 variant, clone: HRC08174.AK300800 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ54554 complete cds, highly similar to Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (EC 2.7.1.40).AK307855 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ97803.AK294315 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ56065 complete cds, highly similar to Pyruvate kinase isozyme M1 (EC 2.7.1.40).AK309781 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ99822.AK312253 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ92548, highly similar to Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM2), mRNA.AK308264 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ98212.Z36831 - H.sapiens (xs25) mRNA, 443bp.BC035487 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4779421), with apparent retained intron.BC051346 - Homo sapiens cDNA clone IMAGE:6461886, **** WARNING: chimeric clone ****.AF025439 - Homo sapiens Opa-interacting protein OIP3 mRNA, partial cds.BC019265 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:3503708), partial cds.BC023328 - Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase, muscle, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4510296).BX648597 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp686G12209 (from clone DKFZp686G12209).JD253237 - Sequence 234261 from Patent EP1572962.JD554754 - Sequence 535778 from Patent EP1572962.JD120305 - Sequence 101329 from Patent EP1572962.JD360415 - Sequence 341439 from Patent EP1572962.JD067018 - Sequence 48042 from Patent EP1572962.JD186650 - Sequence 167674 from Patent EP1572962.JD227184 - Sequence 208208 from Patent EP1572962.JD323231 - Sequence 304255 from Patent EP1572962.JD385499 - Sequence 366523 from Patent EP1572962.JD174331 - Sequence 155355 from Patent EP1572962.JD024294 - Sequence 5318 from Patent EP1572962.JD030195 - Sequence 11219 from Patent EP1572962.JD026312 - Sequence 7336 from Patent EP1572962.JD403809 - Sequence 384833 from Patent EP1572962.JD021887 - Sequence 2911 from Patent EP1572962.JD029525 - Sequence 10549 from Patent EP1572962.JD391000 - Sequence 372024 from Patent EP1572962.JD540550 - Sequence 521574 from Patent EP1572962.JD540025 - Sequence 521049 from Patent EP1572962.JD042742 - Sequence 23766 from Patent EP1572962.JD047097 - Sequence 28121 from Patent EP1572962.JD326238 - Sequence 307262 from Patent EP1572962.JD131573 - Sequence 112597 from Patent EP1572962.JD369818 - Sequence 350842 from Patent EP1572962.JD561983 - Sequence 543007 from Patent EP1572962.JD144965 - Sequence 125989 from Patent EP1572962.EU832358 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone HAIB:100067387; DKFZo008H1227 pyruvate kinase, muscle protein (PKM2) gene, encodes complete protein.KJ891817 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_01211 PKM2 gene, encodes complete protein.KJ905271 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_14768 PKM2 gene, encodes complete protein.KR710112 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone CCSBHm_00009784 PKM (PKM) mRNA, encodes complete protein.KR710113 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone CCSBHm_00009785 PKM (PKM) mRNA, encodes complete protein.EU832443 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone HAIB:100067472; DKFZo004H1228 pyruvate kinase, muscle protein (PKM2) gene, encodes complete protein.DQ892739 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100005369; FLH189257.01X; RZPDo839D0374D pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM2) gene, encodes complete protein.EU176742 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100011510; FLH189256.01L; RZPDo839G10255D pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM2) gene, encodes complete protein.AB528306 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB9947, Homo sapiens PKM2 gene for pyruvate kinase, muscle, without stop codon, in Flexi system.HZ473969 - WO 2016002844-A/83: ANTI-INVASIVE/ANTI-METASTATIC DRUG FOR PANCREATIC CANCER CELL.HZ489614 - JP 2016020328-A/14: ANTICANCER AGENT.JD022966 - Sequence 3990 from Patent EP1572962.JD022355 - Sequence 3379 from Patent EP1572962.JD027715 - Sequence 8739 from Patent EP1572962.JD019461 - Sequence 485 from Patent EP1572962.JD035609 - Sequence 16633 from Patent EP1572962.Z36786 - H.sapiens (xs130) mRNA, 260bp.HZ473968 - WO 2016002844-A/82: ANTI-INVASIVE/ANTI-METASTATIC DRUG FOR PANCREATIC CANCER CELL.JD024738 - Sequence 5762 from Patent EP1572962.JD033454 - Sequence 14478 from Patent EP1572962.JD027287 - Sequence 8311 from Patent EP1572962.JD031777 - Sequence 12801 from Patent EP1572962.HZ473970 - WO 2016002844-A/84: ANTI-INVASIVE/ANTI-METASTATIC DRUG FOR PANCREATIC CANCER CELL.JD027499 - Sequence 8523 from Patent EP1572962.JD031362 - Sequence 12386 from Patent EP1572962.LF208528 - JP 2014500723-A/16031: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.MA444105 - JP 2018138019-A/16031: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.LF377353 - JP 2014500723-A/184856: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.MA612930 - JP 2018138019-A/184856: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.LF377352 - JP 2014500723-A/184855: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.MA612929 - JP 2018138019-A/184855: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes hsa00010 - Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesishsa00230 - Purine metabolismhsa00620 - Pyruvate metabolismhsa01100 - Metabolic pathwayshsa04930 - Type II diabetes mellitus
Other Names for This Gene
Alternate Gene Symbols: B4DNK4, B4DNK4_HUMAN, ENST00000389093.1, ENST00000389093.2, ENST00000389093.3, ENST00000389093.4, ENST00000389093.5, ENST00000389093.6, NM_001206797, uc010ukk.1, uc010ukk.2UCSC ID: ENST00000389093.7RefSeq Accession: NM_001206797
Protein: B4DNK4
CCDS: CCDS73752.1
Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
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