Human Gene NTRK2 (ENST00000376208.6) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (NTRK2), transcript variant e, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_001018066) RefSeq Summary (NM_001018066): This gene encodes a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. Signalling through this kinase leads to cell differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with obesity and mood disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000376208.6 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000148053.18 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr9:84,668,551-84,877,898 Size: 209,348 Total Exon Count: 16 Strand: + Coding Region Position: hg38 chr9:84,670,749-84,871,817 Size: 201,069 Coding Exon Count: 13
ID:NTRK2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor; EC=2.7.10.1; AltName: Full=GP145-TrkB; Short=Trk-B; AltName: Full=Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2; AltName: Full=TrkB tyrosine kinase; AltName: Full=Tropomyosin-related kinase B; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and the peripheral nervous systems through regulation of neuron survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synapse formation and plasticity. Receptor for BDNF/brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NTF4/neurotrophin- 4. Alternatively can also bind NTF3/neurotrophin-3 which is less efficient in activating the receptor but regulates neuron survival through NTRK2. Upon ligand-binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and activation. Recruits, phosphorylates and/or activates several downstream effectors including SHC1, FRS2, SH2B1, SH2B2 and PLCG1 that regulate distinct overlapping signaling cascades. Through SHC1, FRS2, SH2B1, SH2B2 activates the GRB2-Ras-MAPK cascade that regulates for instance neuronal differentiation including neurite outgrowth. Through the same effectors controls the Ras-PI3 kinase-AKT1 signaling cascade that mainly regulates growth and survival. Through PLCG1 and the downstream protein kinase C-regulated pathways controls synaptic plasticity. Thereby, plays a role in learning and memory by regulating both short term synaptic function and long-term potentiation. PLCG1 also leads to NF-Kappa-B activation and the transcription of genes involved in cell survival. Hence, it is able to suppress anoikis, the apoptosis resulting from loss of cell-matrix interactions. May also play a role in neutrophin- dependent calcium signaling in glial cells and mediate communication between neurons and glia. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate. ENZYME REGULATION: The neuronal activity and the influx of calcium positively regulate the kinase activity and the internalization of the receptor which are both important for active signaling. Regulated by NGFR that may control the internalization of the receptor. NGFR may also stimulate the activation by BDNF compared to NTF3 and NTF4. SH2D1A inhibits the autophosphorylation of the receptor, and alters the recruitment and activation of downstream effectors and signaling cascades. The formation of active receptors dimers able to fully transduce the ligand-mediated signal, may be negatively regulated by the formation of inactive heterodimers with the non-catalytic isoforms (By similarity). SUBUNIT: Exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric (low affinity) and dimeric (high affinity) structures. Interacts (phosphorylated upon activation by BDNF) with SHC1; mediates SHC1 phosphorylation and activation. Interacts (phosphorylated upon activation by BDNF) with PLCG1 and/or PLCG2; mediates PLCG1 phosphorylation and activation. Interacts with SH2B1 and SH2B2. Interacts with NGFR; may regulate the ligand specificity of the receptor. Interacts (phosphorylated upon ligand-binding) with SH2D1A; regulates NTRK2. Interacts with SQSTM1 and KIDINS220 (By similarity). Interacts (phosphorylated upon ligand-binding) with FRS2; activates the MAPK signaling pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein (By similarity). Note=Internalized to endosomes upon ligand- binding (By similarity). TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform TrkB is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system. In the central nervous system (CNS), expression is observed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, choroid plexus, granular layer of the cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord. In the peripheral nervous system, it is expressed in many cranial ganglia, the ophtalmic nerve, the vestibular system, multiple facial structures, the submaxillary glands, and dorsal root ganglia. Isoform TrkB-T1 is mainly expressed in the brain but also detected in other tissues including pancreas, kidney and heart. Isoform TrkB-T-Shc is predominantly expressed in the brain. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Widely expressed in fetal brain. PTM: Phosphorylated. Undergoes ligand-mediated autophosphorylation that is required for interaction with SHC1 and PLCG1 and other downstream effectors. Isoform TrkB-T-Shc is not phosphorylated. PTM: Ubiquitinated. Undergoes polyubiquitination upon activation; regulated by NGFR. Ubiquitination regulates the internalization of the receptor (By similarity). DISEASE: Defects in NTRK2 are the cause of obesity hyperphagia and developmental delay (OHPDD) [MIM:613886]. OHPDD is a disorder characterized by early-onset obesity, hyperphagia, and severe developmental delay in motor function, speech, and language. MISCELLANEOUS: Trk also stands for tropomyosin-related kinase since the first Trk was isolated as an oncogenic protein which was the result of a fusion between the tropomyosin gene TPM3 and NTRK1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 LRRCT domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 LRRNT domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/NTRK2ID41589ch9q21.html";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q16620
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
