Human Gene PPP1CA (ENST00000312989.11) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP1CA), transcript variant 3, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_001008709) RefSeq Summary (NM_001008709): The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Increased PP1 activity has been observed in the end stage of heart failure. Studies in both human and mice suggest that PP1 is an important regulator of cardiac function. Mouse studies also suggest that PP1 functions as a suppressor of learning and memory. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000312989.11 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000172531.16 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr11:67,398,183-67,401,793 Size: 3,611 Total Exon Count: 7 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg38 chr11:67,398,535-67,401,782 Size: 3,248 Coding Exon Count: 7
ID:PP1A_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit; Short=PP-1A; EC=3.1.3.16; FUNCTION: Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. Regulates NEK2 function in terms of kinase activity and centrosome number and splitting, both in the presence and absence of radiation-induced DNA damage. Regulator of neural tube and optic fissure closure, and enteric neural crest cell (ENCCs) migration during development. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: A phosphoprotein + H(2)O = a protein + phosphate. COFACTOR: Binds 1 iron ion per subunit (By similarity). COFACTOR: Binds 1 manganese ion per subunit. ENZYME REGULATION: The phosphatase activity of the PPP1R15A-PP1 complex toward EIF2S1 is specifically inhibited by Salubrinal, a drug that protects cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress. SUBUNIT: PP1 comprises a catalytic subunit, PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC, which is folded into its native form by inhibitor 2 and glycogen synthetase kinase 3, and then complexed to one or several targeting or regulatory subunits. PPP1R12A, PPP1R12B and PPP1R12C mediate binding to myosin. PPP1R3A (in skeletal muscle), PPP1R3B (in liver), PPP1R3C, PPP1R3D and PPP1R3F (in brain) mediate binding to glycogen. Interacts with PPP1R39 (By similarity). Interacts with PPP1R9A and PPP1R9B. Part of a complex containing PPP1R15B, PP1 and NCK1/2. Interacts with PHACTR4; which acts as an activator of PP1 activity (By similarity). Interacts with PPP1R15A and PPP1R15B; the interactions mediate binding to EIF2S1. Component of the MLL5-L complex, at least composed of MLL5, STK38, PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP1CC, HCFC1, ACTB and OGT. Interacts with PPP1R7. Interacts with YLPM1. Forms a complex with ILF2, ILF3, YLPM1, KHDRBS1, RBMX and NCOA5. Interacts with NOM1 and PPP1R8. Interacts with HHV-1 ICP34.5. Interacts with PPP1R16B. Interacts with RPSA only in the presence of PPP1R16B. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, composed of PPP1R10/PNUTS, TOX4, WDR82, and PPP1CA or PPP1CB or PPP1CC. Interacts with PPP1R10/PNUTS and PPP1R8. Interacts with WDR82 in the presence of PPP1R10/PNUTS. Interacts with TRIM28; the interaction dephosphorylates TRIM28 on 'Ser-824' and forms a complex at the p21 promoter site. Interacts with isoform 1 and isoform 4 of NEK2. Interacts with FER; this promotes phosphorylation at Thr-320. Interacts with DAB2; the interaction is mutually exclusive with the AXIN1:PPP1CA interaction. INTERACTION: O14727:APAF1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-446492; P38398:BRCA1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-349905; P12830:CDH1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-727477; Q8TEP8:CEP192; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-2339778; Q9NX63:CHCHD3; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-743375; Q6PJW8:CNST; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-750390; Q9H175:CSRNP2; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-5235958; Q92796:DLG3; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-80440; P55199:ELL; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-1245868; Q86WC6:PPP1R27; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-5235602; Q7Z5V6:PPP1R32; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-4311771; P60484:PTEN; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-696162; P06400:RB1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-491274; A8K8P3:SFI1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-743371; Q9H788:SH2D4A; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-747035; Q8TEC5:SH3RF2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-2130111; P63208:SKP1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-307486; Q7Z699:SPRED1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-5235340; Q14C87:TMEM132D; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-5235567; Q8TEL6:TRPC4AP; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-2559060; P49815:TSC2; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-396587; Q9H4A3:WNK1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-457907; Q9HBF4:ZFYVE1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-357253, EBI-4401611; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=Primarily nuclear and largely excluded from the nucleolus. Highly mobile in cells and can be relocalized through interaction with targeting subunits. NOM1 plays a role in targeting this protein to the nucleolus. In the presence of PPP1R8 relocalizes from the nucleus to nuclear speckles. PTM: Phosphorylated. Dephosphorylated at Thr-320 in the presence of ionizing radiation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Protein Spotlight; Note=The things we forget - Issue 32 of March 2003; URL="http://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/sptlt032.shtml";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P62136
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0004721 phosphoprotein phosphatase activity GO:0004722 protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0008157 protein phosphatase 1 binding GO:0016787 hydrolase activity GO:0016791 phosphatase activity GO:0043021 ribonucleoprotein complex binding GO:0044877 macromolecular complex binding GO:0046872 metal ion binding GO:0098641 cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion
Biological Process: GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0005977 glycogen metabolic process GO:0005979 regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process GO:0005981 regulation of glycogen catabolic process GO:0006470 protein dephosphorylation GO:0007049 cell cycle GO:0010288 response to lead ion GO:0016311 dephosphorylation GO:0030324 lung development GO:0032091 negative regulation of protein binding GO:0032922 circadian regulation of gene expression GO:0035970 peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation GO:0036496 regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation GO:0042752 regulation of circadian rhythm GO:0043153 entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod GO:0048754 branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube GO:0051301 cell division GO:0060828 regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0070262 peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion GO:1904886 beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly GO:2001241 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand