Human Gene HCAR1 (ENST00000432564.3) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1), mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_032554)
RefSeq Summary (NM_032554): G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, or GPRs), such as GPR81, contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2005].
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000432564.3
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000196917.6
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr12:122,726,076-122,730,844 Size: 4,769 Total Exon Count: 1 Strand: -
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr12:122,729,299-122,730,339 Size: 1,041 Coding Exon Count: 1 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
RNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO Annotations
mRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr12:122,726,076-122,730,844)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (346 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAGene interactionsTable SchemaAlphaFold
BioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGencodeGeneCards
HGNCHPRDLynxMalacardsMGIneXtProt
OMIMPubMedReactomeUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: HCAR1_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1; AltName: Full=G-protein coupled receptor 104; AltName: Full=G-protein coupled receptor 81;
FUNCTION: Acts as a receptor for L-lactate and mediates its anti- lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated pathway.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed abundantly in brown and white fat. It also detectable at lower levels in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, brain and pituitary. Not detected in frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the cortex, basal forebrain, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/gpr81/";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: HCAR1
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: retinal degeneration, late-onset, autosomal dominant (5)

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 3.20 RPKM in Breast - Mammary Tissue
Total median expression: 14.30 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -173.70505-0.344 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -1249.203223-0.388 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR000276 - 7TM_GPCR_Rhodpsn
IPR017452 - GPCR_Rhodpsn_supfam

Pfam Domains:
PF00001 - 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q9BXC0
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
MGIRGD    
Protein SequenceProtein Sequence    
AlignmentAlignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0004871 signal transducer activity
GO:0004930 G-protein coupled receptor activity

Biological Process:
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

Cellular Component:
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0016020 membrane
GO:0016021 integral component of membrane


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AK122659 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ16094 fis, clone SPLEN2004662, moderately similar to PROBABLE G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR HM74.
AF385431 - Homo sapiens T-cell activation G protein-coupled receptor mRNA, complete cds.
AF385432 - Homo sapiens T-cell activation G protein-coupled receptor splice variant 1 mRNA, complete cds.
JD131935 - Sequence 112959 from Patent EP1572962.
JD284863 - Sequence 265887 from Patent EP1572962.
JD429021 - Sequence 410045 from Patent EP1572962.
JD428003 - Sequence 409027 from Patent EP1572962.
JD054745 - Sequence 35769 from Patent EP1572962.
JD116090 - Sequence 97114 from Patent EP1572962.
JD237047 - Sequence 218071 from Patent EP1572962.
JD232132 - Sequence 213156 from Patent EP1572962.
JD312270 - Sequence 293294 from Patent EP1572962.
JD415031 - Sequence 396055 from Patent EP1572962.
JD476819 - Sequence 457843 from Patent EP1572962.
JD379780 - Sequence 360804 from Patent EP1572962.
JD256593 - Sequence 237617 from Patent EP1572962.
JD256592 - Sequence 237616 from Patent EP1572962.
JD297326 - Sequence 278350 from Patent EP1572962.
JD243281 - Sequence 224305 from Patent EP1572962.
JD545838 - Sequence 526862 from Patent EP1572962.
JD238453 - Sequence 219477 from Patent EP1572962.
JD238454 - Sequence 219478 from Patent EP1572962.
JD553896 - Sequence 534920 from Patent EP1572962.
JD482075 - Sequence 463099 from Patent EP1572962.
JD340927 - Sequence 321951 from Patent EP1572962.
JD421935 - Sequence 402959 from Patent EP1572962.
JD421936 - Sequence 402960 from Patent EP1572962.
JD421938 - Sequence 402962 from Patent EP1572962.
JD446395 - Sequence 427419 from Patent EP1572962.
JD447862 - Sequence 428886 from Patent EP1572962.
JD523472 - Sequence 504496 from Patent EP1572962.
JD151882 - Sequence 132906 from Patent EP1572962.
JD464927 - Sequence 445951 from Patent EP1572962.
JD479023 - Sequence 460047 from Patent EP1572962.
JD543528 - Sequence 524552 from Patent EP1572962.
JD095806 - Sequence 76830 from Patent EP1572962.
JD504630 - Sequence 485654 from Patent EP1572962.
JD299927 - Sequence 280951 from Patent EP1572962.
JD557242 - Sequence 538266 from Patent EP1572962.
JD295627 - Sequence 276651 from Patent EP1572962.
JD546799 - Sequence 527823 from Patent EP1572962.
JD419100 - Sequence 400124 from Patent EP1572962.
JD356132 - Sequence 337156 from Patent EP1572962.
JD367112 - Sequence 348136 from Patent EP1572962.
JD099280 - Sequence 80304 from Patent EP1572962.
JD347323 - Sequence 328347 from Patent EP1572962.
JD397157 - Sequence 378181 from Patent EP1572962.
JD312391 - Sequence 293415 from Patent EP1572962.
JD379789 - Sequence 360813 from Patent EP1572962.
JD120613 - Sequence 101637 from Patent EP1572962.
JD342337 - Sequence 323361 from Patent EP1572962.
JD342336 - Sequence 323360 from Patent EP1572962.
JD478128 - Sequence 459152 from Patent EP1572962.
JD397882 - Sequence 378906 from Patent EP1572962.
JD070238 - Sequence 51262 from Patent EP1572962.
JD196433 - Sequence 177457 from Patent EP1572962.
JD180965 - Sequence 161989 from Patent EP1572962.
JD274636 - Sequence 255660 from Patent EP1572962.
JD547115 - Sequence 528139 from Patent EP1572962.
JD153507 - Sequence 134531 from Patent EP1572962.
JD325983 - Sequence 307007 from Patent EP1572962.
JD367273 - Sequence 348297 from Patent EP1572962.
JD413669 - Sequence 394693 from Patent EP1572962.
AK289557 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ78197 complete cds, highly similar to Homo sapiens T-cell activation G protein-coupled receptor mRNA.
JD108891 - Sequence 89915 from Patent EP1572962.
JD453404 - Sequence 434428 from Patent EP1572962.
JD182454 - Sequence 163478 from Patent EP1572962.
JD348635 - Sequence 329659 from Patent EP1572962.
AF345568 - Homo sapiens putative chemokine receptor (FKSG80) mRNA, complete cds.
BC066881 - Homo sapiens G protein-coupled receptor 81, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:79318 IMAGE:6971816), complete cds.
BC066882 - Homo sapiens G protein-coupled receptor 81, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:79320 IMAGE:6971819), complete cds.
BC066883 - Homo sapiens G protein-coupled receptor 81, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:79321 IMAGE:6971820), complete cds.
BC067484 - Homo sapiens G protein-coupled receptor 81, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:79319 IMAGE:6971817), complete cds.
GQ129268 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone HAIB:100068568; DKFZo008C0335 G protein-coupled receptor 81 protein (GPR81) gene, complete cds.
AY507143 - Homo sapiens putative chemokine receptor mRNA, complete cds.
EU809458 - Homo sapiens G-protein coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) mRNA, complete cds.
AK313955 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ94601, Homo sapiens G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), mRNA.
GQ129267 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone HAIB:100068665; DKFZo004C0336 G protein-coupled receptor 81 protein (GPR81) gene, partial cds.
BC095506 - Homo sapiens G protein-coupled receptor 81, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:6912801), partial cds.
KJ893611 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_03005 HCAR1 gene, encodes complete protein.
JD271939 - Sequence 252963 from Patent EP1572962.
JD309834 - Sequence 290858 from Patent EP1572962.
JD055023 - Sequence 36047 from Patent EP1572962.
JD097165 - Sequence 78189 from Patent EP1572962.
JD393502 - Sequence 374526 from Patent EP1572962.
JD201910 - Sequence 182934 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein Q9BXC0 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-3296326 HCAR1 binds LACT
R-HSA-749454 The Ligand:GPCR:Gi complex dissociates
R-HSA-749456 Liganded Gi-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gi
R-HSA-380073 Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi
R-HSA-3296197 Hydroxycarboxylic acid-binding receptors
R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-373076 Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: B2R9X4, ENST00000432564.1, ENST00000432564.2, FKSG80, GPR104, GPR81, HCA1, HCAR1_HUMAN, NM_032554, Q3Y5J3, Q4VBN1, Q6NXU5, Q9BXC0, uc001ucz.1, uc001ucz.2, uc001ucz.3, uc001ucz.4, uc001ucz.5
UCSC ID: ENST00000432564.3
RefSeq Accession: NM_032554
Protein: Q9BXC0 (aka HCAR1_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS9236.1

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.