Human Gene DAPK3 (ENST00000301264.7) from GENCODE V44
Description: Serine/threonine kinase which is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, transcription, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell motility, smooth muscle contraction, and mitosis, particularly cytokinesis. Regulates both type I apoptotic and type II autophagic cell deaths signal, depending on the cellular setting. The former is caspase- dependent, while the latter is caspase-independent and is characterized by the accumulation of autophagic vesicles. Regulates myosin phosphorylation in both smooth muscle and non- muscle cells. In smooth muscle, regulates myosin either directly by phosphorylating MYL12B and MYL9 or through inhibition of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase (SMPP1M) via phosphorylation of PPP1R12A, and the inhibition of SMPP1M functions to enhance muscle responsiveness to Ca(2+) and promote a contractile state. Enhances transcription from AR-responsive promoters in a hormone- and kinase-dependent manner. Phosphorylates STAT3 and enhances its transcriptional activity. Positively regulates the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through interaction with NLK and TCF7L2. Can disrupt the NLK-TCF7L2 complex thereby influencing the phosphorylation of TCF7L2 by NLK. Phosphorylates histone H3 on 'Thr-11' at centromeres during mitosis. Involved in the formation of promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear body (PML-NB), one of many subnuclear domains in the eukaryotic cell nucleus, and which is involved in oncogenesis and viral infection. (from UniProt O43293) RefSeq Summary (NM_001375658): Death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) induces morphological changes in apoptosis when overexpressed in mammalian cells. These results suggest that DAPK3 may play a role in the induction of apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000301264.7 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000167657.14 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr19:3,958,454-3,969,828 Size: 11,375 Total Exon Count: 8 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg38 chr19:3,959,101-3,969,735 Size: 10,635 Coding Exon Count: 8
ID:DAPK3_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Death-associated protein kinase 3; Short=DAP kinase 3; EC=2.7.11.1; AltName: Full=DAP-like kinase; Short=Dlk; AltName: Full=MYPT1 kinase; AltName: Full=Zipper-interacting protein kinase; Short=ZIP-kinase; FUNCTION: Serine/threonine kinase which is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, transcription, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell motility, smooth muscle contraction, and mitosis, particularly cytokinesis. Regulates both type I apoptotic and type II autophagic cell deaths signal, depending on the cellular setting. The former is caspase- dependent, while the latter is caspase-independent and is characterized by the accumulation of autophagic vesicles. Regulates myosin phosphorylation in both smooth muscle and non- muscle cells. In smooth muscle, regulates myosin either directly by phosphorylating MYL12B and MYL9 or through inhibition of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase (SMPP1M) via phosphorylation of PPP1R12A, and the inhibition of SMPP1M functions to enhance muscle responsiveness to Ca(2+) and promote a contractile state. Enhances transcription from AR-responsive promoters in a hormone- and kinase-dependent manner. Phosphorylates STAT3 and enhances its transcriptional activity. Positively regulates the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through interaction with NLK and TCF7L2. Can disrupt the NLK-TCF7L2 complex thereby influencing the phosphorylation of TCF7L2 by NLK. Phosphorylates histone H3 on 'Thr-11' at centromeres during mitosis. Involved in the formation of promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear body (PML-NB), one of many subnuclear domains in the eukaryotic cell nucleus, and which is involved in oncogenesis and viral infection. FUNCTION: Isoform 2 can phosphorylate myosin, PPP1R12A and MYL12B. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. COFACTOR: Magnesium. ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by pyridone 6 (K00225), a potent, ATP-competitive inhibitor. Phosphorylation at Thr-180, Thr-225 and Thr-265 is essential for activity. Oligomerization is required for full enzymatic activity. BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=12 uM for myosin (isoform 2); KM=6.2 uM for myosin (isoform 1); KM=73 uM for MYL12B (isoform 2); KM=10.4 uM for MYL12B (isoform 1); Vmax=248 nmol/min/mg enzyme toward myosin (isoform 2); Vmax=120 nmol/min/mg enzyme toward myosin (isoform 1); Vmax=1.3 umol/min/mg enzyme toward MYL12B (isoform 2); Vmax=271 nmol/min/mg enzyme toward MYL12B (isoform 1); SUBUNIT: Monomer and homotrimer. Can also exist as homodimer or form heterodimers with ATF4. Homodimerization is required for activation segment autophosphorylation Both interactions require an intact leucine zipper domain and oligomerization is required for full enzymatic activity. Also binds to DAXX and PAWR, possibly in a ternary complex which plays a role in caspase activation. According to PubMed:17953487, does not interact with PARW. Interacts with AATF, CDC5L, UBE2D1, UBE2D2 AND UBE2D3. Interacts with AR and this interaction is enhanced by AATF. Interacts (via leucine zipper) with TCP10L (via leucine zipper). Interacts (via kinase domain) with DAPK1 (via kinase domain).Interacts with STAT3, NLK and TCF7L2. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 can interact with myosin and PPP1R12A. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Nucleus, PML body. Chromosome, centromere. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosome. Note=The phosphorylated form is anchored in the cytoplasm and/or prevented from being shuttled to the nucleus, whereas nuclear translocation or retention is maximal when it is not phosphorylated. Phosphorylation at Thr-299 promotes cytoplasmic localization. Relocates to the cytoplasm on binding PAWR where the complex appears to interact with actin filaments. Localizes to promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). Associated: with the centrosomes throughout the mitotic cell cycle, with the centromeres from prophase to anaphase and with the contractile ring during cytokinesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform 2 is expressed in the bladder smooth muscle. PTM: Ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination mediated by the UBE2D3 E3 ligase does not lead to proteasomal degradation, but influences promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) formation in the nucleus. PTM: The phosphorylation status is critical for: its intracellular localization, ability to oligomerize and its activity. The phosphorylated form is anchored in the cytoplasm and/or prevented from being shuttled to the nucleus, whereas nuclear translocation or retention is maximal when it is not phosphorylated. Phosphorylation increases the trimeric form, and its dephosphorylation shifts the equilibrium towards the monomeric form. Phosphorylation at Thr-180, Thr-225 and Thr-265 is essential for activity. Phosphorylation at Thr-299 promotes cytoplasmic localization. A species-specific loss of a key phosphorylation site in murine DAPK3 seems to direct it to the nucleus, while the presence of the Thr-299 site in human DAPK3 correlates with cytoplasmic localization. Both isoform 1 and isoform 2 can undergo autophosphorylation. MISCELLANEOUS: The murine DAPK3 protein differs from the human ortholog, losing an important phosphorylation site and displaying distinct altered cellular localization. The murine protein localizes only to the nucleus while the human protein shows both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. A different protein interaction capacity, with an important protein partner in the apoptosis pathway (PAWR), evolved in the murine system to maintain the basic membrane blebbing function in the apoptosis pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. DAP kinase subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O43293
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
