Human Gene TTL (ENST00000233336.7) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_153712)
RefSeq Summary (NM_153712): TTL is a cytosolic enzyme involved in the posttranslational modification of alpha-tubulin (see MIM 602529). Alpha-tubulin within assembled microtubules is detyrosinated over time at the C terminus. After microtubule disassembly, TTL restores the tyrosine residues and consequently participates in a cycle of tubulin detyrosination and tyrosination (Erck et al., 2003 [PubMed 14571137]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008].
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000233336.7
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000114999.8
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr2:112,482,156-112,541,739 Size: 59,584 Total Exon Count: 7 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr2:112,482,345-112,528,795 Size: 46,451 Coding Exon Count: 7 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDRNA-Seq Expression
Microarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA Descriptions
PathwaysOther NamesMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr2:112,482,156-112,541,739)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (377 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAGene interactionsTable SchemaAlphaFold
BioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGencodeGeneCards
HGNCHPRDLynxMalacardsMGImyGene2
neXtProtOMIMPubMedReactomeUniProtKBBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: TTL_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Tubulin--tyrosine ligase; Short=TTL; EC=6.3.2.25;
FUNCTION: Catalyzes the post-translational addition of a tyrosine to the C-terminal end of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin (By similarity).
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.
COFACTOR: Magnesium (By similarity).
COFACTOR: Potassium (By similarity).
SUBUNIT: Monomer (By similarity).
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tubulin--tyrosine ligase family.
SIMILARITY: Contains 1 TTL domain.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

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-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 5.26 RPKM in Brain - Putamen (basal ganglia)
Total median expression: 147.20 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -129.50189-0.685 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -4047.3712944-0.313 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR013816 - ATP_grasp_subdomain_2
IPR004344 - Tub_tyr_ligase

Pfam Domains:
PF03133 - Tubulin-tyrosine ligase family

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q8NG68
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologGenome Browser
Gene Details    Gene Details
Gene Sorter    Gene Sorter
MGIRGDEnsembl  SGD
Protein SequenceProtein SequenceProtein Sequence  Protein Sequence
AlignmentAlignmentAlignment  Alignment

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
GO:0004835 tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity
GO:0005524 ATP binding
GO:0016874 ligase activity

Biological Process:
GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization
GO:0006464 cellular protein modification process
GO:0018166 C-terminal protein-tyrosinylation
GO:0030516 regulation of axon extension
GO:0045931 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle
GO:0090235 regulation of metaphase plate congression

Cellular Component:
GO:0005623 cell


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  BC036819 - Homo sapiens tubulin tyrosine ligase, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:46235 IMAGE:5767758), complete cds.
JD473760 - Sequence 454784 from Patent EP1572962.
JD459078 - Sequence 440102 from Patent EP1572962.
AB071393 - Homo sapiens TTL mRNA for tubulin tyrosine ligase, complete cds.
CU691434 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100019143 5' read TTL mRNA.
KJ900274 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_09668 TTL gene, encodes complete protein.
DQ894075 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100008535; FLH167441.01L; RZPDo839A0789D tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) gene, encodes complete protein.
AK126549 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ44585 fis, clone ASTRO2008972, highly similar to Tubulin--tyrosine ligase (EC 6.3.2.25).
BX647135 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp686A03171 (from clone DKFZp686A03171).
BX538316 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp686I16132 (from clone DKFZp686I16132).
BC036331 - Homo sapiens tubulin tyrosine ligase, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:3865811), with apparent retained intron.
BC036707 - Homo sapiens tubulin tyrosine ligase, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4560661), partial cds.
AK126378 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ44414 fis, clone UTERU1000339.
BX649144 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp686C2044 (from clone DKFZp686C2044).
JD354965 - Sequence 335989 from Patent EP1572962.
JD121596 - Sequence 102620 from Patent EP1572962.
JD535396 - Sequence 516420 from Patent EP1572962.
JD130926 - Sequence 111950 from Patent EP1572962.
JD156776 - Sequence 137800 from Patent EP1572962.
JD189092 - Sequence 170116 from Patent EP1572962.
JD280222 - Sequence 261246 from Patent EP1572962.
JD224120 - Sequence 205144 from Patent EP1572962.
JD515703 - Sequence 496727 from Patent EP1572962.
JD511192 - Sequence 492216 from Patent EP1572962.
AK026673 - Homo sapiens cDNA: FLJ23020 fis, clone LNG00943.
LF205887 - JP 2014500723-A/13390: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA441464 - JP 2018138019-A/13390: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF349419 - JP 2014500723-A/156922: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA584996 - JP 2018138019-A/156922: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF349420 - JP 2014500723-A/156923: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA584997 - JP 2018138019-A/156923: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
JD024561 - Sequence 5585 from Patent EP1572962.
JD034909 - Sequence 15933 from Patent EP1572962.
BC046913 - Homo sapiens tubulin tyrosine ligase, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4815653).
JD056832 - Sequence 37856 from Patent EP1572962.
JD088409 - Sequence 69433 from Patent EP1572962.
JD088410 - Sequence 69434 from Patent EP1572962.
JD138185 - Sequence 119209 from Patent EP1572962.
JD175639 - Sequence 156663 from Patent EP1572962.
JD331856 - Sequence 312880 from Patent EP1572962.
JD182644 - Sequence 163668 from Patent EP1572962.
JD084176 - Sequence 65200 from Patent EP1572962.
JD246692 - Sequence 227716 from Patent EP1572962.
JD100420 - Sequence 81444 from Patent EP1572962.
JD057164 - Sequence 38188 from Patent EP1572962.
JD405266 - Sequence 386290 from Patent EP1572962.
JD189796 - Sequence 170820 from Patent EP1572962.
JD050852 - Sequence 31876 from Patent EP1572962.
JD318886 - Sequence 299910 from Patent EP1572962.
JD364618 - Sequence 345642 from Patent EP1572962.
JD381569 - Sequence 362593 from Patent EP1572962.
JD367565 - Sequence 348589 from Patent EP1572962.
JD367566 - Sequence 348590 from Patent EP1572962.
JD059762 - Sequence 40786 from Patent EP1572962.
AK096524 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ39205 fis, clone OCBBF2005843.
JD184345 - Sequence 165369 from Patent EP1572962.
JD236396 - Sequence 217420 from Patent EP1572962.
JD542802 - Sequence 523826 from Patent EP1572962.
JD212775 - Sequence 193799 from Patent EP1572962.
JD231039 - Sequence 212063 from Patent EP1572962.
JD271429 - Sequence 252453 from Patent EP1572962.
JD198171 - Sequence 179195 from Patent EP1572962.
JD536553 - Sequence 517577 from Patent EP1572962.
JD459836 - Sequence 440860 from Patent EP1572962.
JD131536 - Sequence 112560 from Patent EP1572962.
JD413476 - Sequence 394500 from Patent EP1572962.
JD247065 - Sequence 228089 from Patent EP1572962.
JD247066 - Sequence 228090 from Patent EP1572962.
JD247068 - Sequence 228092 from Patent EP1572962.
JD247067 - Sequence 228091 from Patent EP1572962.
JD257751 - Sequence 238775 from Patent EP1572962.
DQ576923 - Homo sapiens piRNA piR-45035, complete sequence.
JD430420 - Sequence 411444 from Patent EP1572962.
JD557523 - Sequence 538547 from Patent EP1572962.
JD564101 - Sequence 545125 from Patent EP1572962.
JD557524 - Sequence 538548 from Patent EP1572962.
JD529621 - Sequence 510645 from Patent EP1572962.
JD529622 - Sequence 510646 from Patent EP1572962.
JD529623 - Sequence 510647 from Patent EP1572962.
JD170102 - Sequence 151126 from Patent EP1572962.
JD170103 - Sequence 151127 from Patent EP1572962.
JD170104 - Sequence 151128 from Patent EP1572962.
JD170105 - Sequence 151129 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein Q8NG68 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-8955706 TTL ligates L-Tyr to the carboxy terminus of alpha-tubulin
R-HSA-8955332 Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin
R-HSA-597592 Post-translational protein modification
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: ENST00000233336.1, ENST00000233336.2, ENST00000233336.3, ENST00000233336.4, ENST00000233336.5, ENST00000233336.6, NM_153712, Q585T3, Q7Z302, Q8N426, Q8NG68, TTL_HUMAN, uc002thu.1, uc002thu.2, uc002thu.3, uc002thu.4, uc002thu.5
UCSC ID: ENST00000233336.7
RefSeq Accession: NM_153712
Protein: Q8NG68 (aka TTL_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS2096.1

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.