Human Gene RNF168 (ENST00000318037.3) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens ring finger protein 168 (RNF168), mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_152617) RefSeq Summary (NM_152617): This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein that contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The protein is involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Mutations in this gene result in Riddle syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]. Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript record were based on transcript alignments. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000318037.3 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000163961.4 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr3:196,468,783-196,503,768 Size: 34,986 Total Exon Count: 6 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg38 chr3:196,471,819-196,503,173 Size: 31,355 Coding Exon Count: 6
ID:RN168_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF168; Short=hRNF168; EC=6.3.2.-; AltName: Full=RING finger protein 168; FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase required for accumulation of repair proteins to sites of DNA damage. Acts with UBE2N/UBC13 to amplify the RNF8-dependent histone ubiquitination. Recruited to sites of DNA damage at double-strand breaks (DSBs) by binding to ubiquitinated histone H2A and H2AX and amplifies the RNF8- dependent H2A ubiquitination, promoting the formation of 'Lys-63'- linked ubiquitin conjugates. This leads to concentrate ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2AX at DNA lesions to the threshold required for recruitment of TP53BP1 and BRCA1. Also recruited at DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) sites and promotes accumulation of 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of histones H2A and H2AX, leading to recruitment of FAAP20/C1orf86 and Fanconi anemia (FA) complex, followed by interstrand cross-link repair. H2A ubiquitination also mediates the ATM-dependent transcriptional silencing at regions flanking DSBs in cis, a mechanism to avoid collision between transcription and repair intermediates. Also involved in class switch recombination in immune system, via its role in regulation of DSBs repair. Following DNA damage, promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of JMJD2A/KDM4A in collaboration with RNF8, leading to unmask H4K20me2 mark and promote the recruitment of TP53BP1 at DNA damage sites. Not able to initiate 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination in vitro; possibly due to partial occlusion of the UBE2N/UBC13-binding region. Catalyzes monoubiquitination of 'Lys-13' and 'Lys-15' of nucleosomal histone H2A (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub, respectively). PATHWAY: Protein modification; protein ubiquitination. SUBUNIT: Monomer. Interacts with UBE2N/UBC13. INTERACTION: P61088:UBE2N; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-914207, EBI-1052908; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Note=Localizes to double-strand breaks (DSBs) sites of DNA damage. DOMAIN: The MIU motif (motif interacting with ubiquitin) mediates the interaction with both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains (PubMed:19500350). The UMI motif mediates interaction with ubiquitin with a preference for 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin (PubMed:21041483). The specificity for different types of ubiquitin is mediated by juxtaposition of ubiquitin-binding motifs (MIU and UMI motifs) with LR motifs (LRMs) (PubMed:22742833). PTM: Sumoylated with SUMO1 by PIAS4 in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs). PTM: Ubiquitinated. DISEASE: Defects in RNF168 are the cause of Riddle syndrome (RIDDLES) [MIM:611943]. Riddle syndrome is characterized by increased radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, mild motor control and learning difficulties, facial dysmorphism, and short stature. Defects are probably due to impaired localization of TP53BP1 and BRCA1 at DNA lesions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNF168 family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 RING-type zinc finger. CAUTION: According to a well-established model, RNF168 cannot initiate H2A 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination and is recruited following RNF8-dependent histone ubiquitination to amplify H2A 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination (PubMed:19500350, PubMed:19203578 and PubMed:19203579). However, other data suggest that RNF168 is the priming ubiquitin ligase by mediating monoubiquitination of 'Lys-13' and 'Lys-15' of nucleosomal histone H2A (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub respectively) (PubMed:22980979). These data suggest that RNF168 might be recruited to DSBs sites in a RNF8-dependent manner by binding to non-histone proteins ubiquitinated via 'Lys-63'- linked and initiates monoubiquitination of H2A, which is then amplified by RNF8 (PubMed:22980979). Additional evidences are however required to confirm these data. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=BAC04060.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q8IYW5
Front
Top
Side
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.
Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
