Mouse Gene Paox (ENSMUST00000026537.12) from GENCODE VM23 Comprehensive Transcript Set (only Basic displayed by default)
  Description: Mus musculus polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino) (Paox), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_153783)
Gencode Transcript: ENSMUST00000026537.12
Gencode Gene: ENSMUSG00000025464.15
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: mm10 chr7:140,125,657-140,137,224 Size: 11,568 Total Exon Count: 7 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: mm10 chr7:140,125,726-140,134,153 Size: 8,428 Coding Exon Count: 7 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDRNA Structure
Protein StructureOther SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther Names
Model InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2019-09-19

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr7:140,125,657-140,137,224)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (504 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneTable SchemaAlphaFold
BioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCardsMGI
PubMedReactomeSOURCEUniProtKBWikipedia

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: PAOX_MOUSE
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase; EC=1.5.3.13; AltName: Full=Polyamine oxidase;
FUNCTION: Flavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of N(1)- acetylspermine to spermidine and is thus involved in the polyamine back-conversion. Can also oxidize N(1)-acetylspermidine to putrescine. Substrate specificity: N(1)-acetylspermine = N(1)- acetylspermidine > N(1),N(12)-diacylspermine >> spermine. Does not oxidize spermidine. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration and has the potential to act as a determinant of cellular sensitivity to the antitumor polyamine analogs.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: N(1)-acetylspermine + O(2) + H(2)O = spermidine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H(2)O(2).
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: N(1)-acetylspermidine + O(2) + H(2)O = putrescine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H(2)O(2).
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O(2) + H(2)O = N(1)-acetylspermidine + 3-acetamidobutanal + H(2)O(2).
COFACTOR: Binds 1 FAD per subunit.
BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=1.78 uM for N(1)-acetylspermine; KM=36.8 uM for N(1)-acetylspermidine; KM=716 uM for spermine; KM=150 uM for N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine;
PATHWAY: Amine and polyamine metabolism; spermine metabolism.
SUBUNIT: Monomer.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome (By similarity). Cytoplasm (By similarity).
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed at different developmental stages. Expressed at high level in the liver and the stomach, expressed at lower level in heart, spleen, thymus, small intestine, muscle, pancreas, uterus, and breast and expressed at very low level in brain, kidney, lung, testis, skin, adrenal gland and prostate gland.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expression increased during embryonic development: there is a gradual increase in the tissues on going from 8.5 to 19 day embryos. In the breast, expression is very low in virgin mouse and quite high in pregnant mouse, but decreases in lactating and involuting breasts.
INDUCTION: By polyamine analogs.
MISCELLANEOUS: Oxidizes N(1)-acetylated polyamines on the exo-side of their N(4)-amino groups. Plant PAO oxidizes spermine on the endo-side of the N(4)-nitrogen (By similarity).
MISCELLANEOUS: N-ethylated polyamines are also good substrates for this enzyme: they have been used for cancer clinical trials. They down-regulate polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, but dramatically up- regulate SSAT synthesis, which results in mammalian cells becoming apaptotic.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -21.7069-0.314 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -1048.603071-0.341 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR002937 - Amino_oxidase

Pfam Domains:
PF01593 - Flavin containing amine oxidoreductase
PF13450 - NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like domain

SCOP Domains:
51735 - NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains
51905 - FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain
51971 - Nucleotide-binding domain
51984 - MurCD N-terminal domain
54373 - FAD-linked reductases, C-terminal domain

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q8C0L6
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-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
HumanRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologGenome BrowserGenome BrowserNo ortholog
Gene Details    Gene Details
Gene Sorter    Gene Sorter
GenBankRGDEnsemblEnsemblWormBaseSGD
Protein SequenceProtein Sequence Protein Sequence  
AlignmentAlignment Alignment  

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005102 receptor binding
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity
GO:0046592 polyamine oxidase activity
GO:0052899 N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity
GO:0052901 spermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming) activity
GO:0052902 spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-aminopropanal-forming) activity
GO:0052903 N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity
GO:0052904 N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Biological Process:
GO:0006598 polyamine catabolic process
GO:0008215 spermine metabolic process
GO:0009446 putrescine biosynthetic process
GO:0009447 putrescine catabolic process
GO:0046203 spermidine catabolic process
GO:0046208 spermine catabolic process
GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process
GO:1901307 positive regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process

Cellular Component:
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005777 peroxisome
GO:0005782 peroxisomal matrix


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  BC033913 - Mus musculus polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino), mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:1067414), complete cds.
AF226656 - Mus musculus peroxisomal N1-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase (Pao) mRNA, complete cds.
AK030664 - Mus musculus 6 days neonate head cDNA, RIKEN full-length enriched library, clone:5430412B19 product:hypothetical Amine oxidase containing protein, full insert sequence.
BC082783 - Mus musculus polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:90956 IMAGE:6475809), complete cds.
AM049402 - Mus musculus mRNA for peroxisomal N1-acetyl-spermine/spermidine (Pao gene), strain DBA2.
AK159137 - Mus musculus osteoclast-like cell cDNA, RIKEN full-length enriched library, clone:I420004E19 product:polyamine oxidase, full insert sequence.
AK010469 - Mus musculus ES cells cDNA, RIKEN full-length enriched library, clone:2410012F02 product:hypothetical FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain structure containing protein, full insert sequence.
AK178754 - Mus musculus cDNA, clone:Y0G0107M18, strand:minus, reference:ENSEMBL:Mouse-Transcript-ENST:ENSMUST00000026537, based on BLAT search.
AK186235 - Mus musculus cDNA, clone:Y0G0136L05, strand:minus, reference:ENSEMBL:Mouse-Transcript-ENST:ENSMUST00000026537, based on BLAT search.
AK189482 - Mus musculus cDNA, clone:Y0G0149F08, strand:minus, reference:ENSEMBL:Mouse-Transcript-ENST:ENSMUST00000026537, based on BLAT search.
AK132502 - Mus musculus 10 days neonate skin cDNA, RIKEN full-length enriched library, clone:4732469H22 product:unclassifiable, full insert sequence.
LF196668 - JP 2014500723-A/4171: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF296494 - JP 2014500723-A/103997: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF296495 - JP 2014500723-A/103998: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF296496 - JP 2014500723-A/103999: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
AB347715 - Mus musculus non-coding RNA, oocyte_clustered_small_RNA12916, complete sequence.
AB347716 - Mus musculus non-coding RNA, oocyte_clustered_small_RNA12917, complete sequence.
AB347717 - Mus musculus non-coding RNA, oocyte_clustered_small_RNA12918, complete sequence.
AB347718 - Mus musculus non-coding RNA, oocyte_clustered_small_RNA12919, complete sequence.
AB347719 - Mus musculus non-coding RNA, oocyte_clustered_small_RNA12920, complete sequence.
LF296497 - JP 2014500723-A/104000: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
AB347721 - Mus musculus non-coding RNA, oocyte_clustered_small_RNA12922, complete sequence.
LF296498 - JP 2014500723-A/104001: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA432245 - JP 2018138019-A/4171: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA532071 - JP 2018138019-A/103997: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA532072 - JP 2018138019-A/103998: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA532073 - JP 2018138019-A/103999: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA532074 - JP 2018138019-A/104000: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA532075 - JP 2018138019-A/104001: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
mmu04146 - Peroxisome

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein Q8C0L6 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-MMU-141348 PAO:FAD oxidises NASPM to PTCN
R-MMU-141351 PAOX:FAD oxidises NASPN to SPM
R-MMU-9033236 PEX5S,L:Cargo binds PEX13:PEX14 of PEX13:PEX14:PEX2:PEX10:PEX12 (Docking and Translocation Complex)
R-MMU-9033241 Peroxisomal protein import
R-MMU-141334 PAOs oxidise polyamines to amines
R-MMU-351200 Interconversion of polyamines
R-MMU-392499 Metabolism of proteins
R-MMU-140179 Amine Oxidase reactions
R-MMU-351202 Metabolism of polyamines
R-MMU-211945 Phase I - Functionalization of compounds
R-MMU-71291 Metabolism of nitrogenous molecules
R-MMU-211859 Biological oxidations
R-MMU-1430728 Metabolism

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: NM_153783, Pao, PAOX_MOUSE, Q8C0L6, Q8K254, uc009khb.1, uc009khb.2
UCSC ID: uc009khb.2
RefSeq Accession: NM_153783
Protein: Q8C0L6 (aka PAOX_MOUSE)
CCDS: CCDS21965.1

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.