Mouse Gene Apln (ENSMUST00000039026.7) from GENCODE VM23 Comprehensive Transcript Set (only Basic displayed by default)
  Description: Mus musculus apelin (Apln), mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_013912)
RefSeq Summary (NM_013912): This gene encodes the neuropeptide Apelin, an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. This gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues and the encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate mature peptides of different sizes that are secreted into the plasma. These peptides play important roles in a broad range of physiological processes such as cardiac contractility, blood pressure, blood vessel growth, appetite and drink behavior, and pituitary hormone secretion. Mice lacking the encoded protein develop progressive heart failure and exhibit a shorter bleeding time, prothrombotic profile and increased bone mass. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016].
Gencode Transcript: ENSMUST00000039026.7
Gencode Gene: ENSMUSG00000037010.7
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: mm10 chrX:48,025,146-48,034,853 Size: 9,708 Total Exon Count: 3 Strand: -
Coding Region
   Position: mm10 chrX:48,028,299-48,034,505 Size: 6,207 Coding Exon Count: 2 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDRNA Structure
Protein StructureOther SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther Names
Model InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2019-09-19

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chrX:48,025,146-48,034,853)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (77 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneTable SchemaAlphaFold
BioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCardsMGI
PubMedReactomeSOURCEUniProtKBWikipedia

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: APEL_MOUSE
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Apelin; AltName: Full=APJ endogenous ligand; Contains: RecName: Full=Apelin-36; Contains: RecName: Full=Apelin-31; Contains: RecName: Full=Apelin-28; Contains: RecName: Full=Apelin-13; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: Endogenous ligand for APJ. Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross- linking. The oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates. May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing AVP release and drinking behavior.
PTM: Several active peptides may be produced by proteolytic processing of the peptide precursor.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the apelin family.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

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Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
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To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -161.30348-0.464 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -875.802567-0.341 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR026155 - Apelin

Pfam Domains:
PF15360 - APJ endogenous ligand

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q9R0R4
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
HumanRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
GenBankRGD    
Protein SequenceProtein Sequence    
AlignmentAlignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0001664 G-protein coupled receptor binding
GO:0005102 receptor binding
GO:0005179 hormone activity
GO:0031704 apelin receptor binding

Biological Process:
GO:0001525 angiogenesis
GO:0002026 regulation of the force of heart contraction
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007275 multicellular organism development
GO:0007369 gastrulation
GO:0007631 feeding behavior
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
GO:0023052 signaling
GO:0031652 positive regulation of heat generation
GO:0040037 negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
GO:0042327 positive regulation of phosphorylation
GO:0042756 drinking behavior
GO:0043576 regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
GO:0045776 negative regulation of blood pressure
GO:0045823 positive regulation of heart contraction
GO:0045906 negative regulation of vasoconstriction
GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels
GO:0051461 positive regulation of corticotropin secretion
GO:0051466 positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
GO:0060183 apelin receptor signaling pathway
GO:0060976 coronary vasculature development
GO:1902895 positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:1904022 positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization
GO:1904706 negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
GO:1905564 positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  LF201970 - JP 2014500723-A/9473: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
BC020015 - Mus musculus apelin, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:27819 IMAGE:3483588), complete cds.
DQ832282 - Mus musculus apelin (Apln) mRNA, complete cds.
AK020057 - Mus musculus 13 days embryo male testis cDNA, RIKEN full-length enriched library, clone:6030430G11 product:unclassifiable, full insert sequence.
LF311810 - JP 2014500723-A/119313: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
AK042076 - Mus musculus 3 days neonate thymus cDNA, RIKEN full-length enriched library, clone:A630056D08 product:APELIN PRECURSOR (APJ ENDOGENOUS LIGAND), full insert sequence.
LF311811 - JP 2014500723-A/119314: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF311812 - JP 2014500723-A/119315: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF311813 - JP 2014500723-A/119316: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
AJ290423 - Mus musculus mRNA for preproapelin (preproapelin gene).
AB023494 - Mus musculus mRNA for preproapelin, complete cds.
LF203443 - JP 2014500723-A/10946: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA437547 - JP 2018138019-A/9473: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA547387 - JP 2018138019-A/119313: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA547388 - JP 2018138019-A/119314: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA547389 - JP 2018138019-A/119315: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA547390 - JP 2018138019-A/119316: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA439020 - JP 2018138019-A/10946: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
mmu04080 - Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein Q9R0R4 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-MMU-374337 Apelin receptor binds to apelin
R-MMU-749454 The Ligand:GPCR:Gi complex dissociates
R-MMU-749456 Liganded Gi-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gi
R-MMU-380073 Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi
R-MMU-375276 Peptide ligand-binding receptors
R-MMU-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-MMU-373076 Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
R-MMU-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-MMU-500792 GPCR ligand binding
R-MMU-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-MMU-162582 Signal Transduction

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: Apel, APEL_MOUSE, NM_013912, Q9R0R4, uc009tbu.1, uc009tbu.2
UCSC ID: uc009tbu.2
RefSeq Accession: NM_013912
Protein: Q9R0R4 (aka APEL_MOUSE)
CCDS: CCDS40958.1

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.