Mouse Gene Enpp2 (ENSMUST00000171545.8) from GENCODE VM23 Comprehensive Transcript Set (only Basic displayed by default)
Description: Mus musculus ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (Enpp2), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_001136077) RefSeq Summary (NM_001136077): This gene encodes a member of the phosphodiesterase and nucleotide pyrophosphatase family of bifunctional enzymes that hydrolize phosphodiester bonds of various nucleotides. The encoded protein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature protein with lysophospholipase D activity, catalyzing the cleavage of the choline group from lysophosphatidylcholine to produce lysophosphatidic acid. This gene is expressed in numerous tissues and participates in neural development, obesity, inflammation and oncogenesis. A complete lack of the encoded protein in mice results in aberrant vascular and neuronal development leading to embryonic lethality. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate the mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]. Gencode Transcript: ENSMUST00000171545.8 Gencode Gene: ENSMUSG00000022425.16 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: mm10 chr15:54,839,366-54,919,961 Size: 80,596 Total Exon Count: 26 Strand: - Coding Region Position: mm10 chr15:54,839,366-54,919,961 Size: 80,596 Coding Exon Count: 26
ID:ENPP2_MOUSE DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2; Short=E-NPP 2; EC=3.1.4.39; AltName: Full=Autotaxin; AltName: Full=Extracellular lysophospholipase D; Short=LysoPLD; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility- related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H(2)O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ethanolamine. COFACTOR: Binds 2 zinc ions per subunit. COFACTOR: Binds 1 calcium ion per subunit. ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (By similarity). Inhibited by EDTA and EGTA. BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=12.9 mM for pNppp (isoform 1); KM=4.4 mM for pNppp (isoform 2); KM=11.8 mM for pNppp (isoform 3); Vmax=1.9 nmol/min/ug enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 1); Vmax=0.35 nmol/min/ug enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 2); Vmax=1.8 nmol/min/ug enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 3); pH dependence: Optimum pH is 8.0 for isoforms 1, 2 and 3; Temperature dependence: Isoforms 1 and 3 have maximum activity from 45 to 55 degrees Celsius; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Note=Secreted by most body fluids including serum and CSF. Also by adipocytes and numerous cancer cells (By similarity). TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in brain and adipose tissue. INDUCTION: Up-regulated in adipocytes of obese-diabetic db/db mice. PTM: N-glycosylation, but not furin-cleavage, plays a critical role on secretion and on lysoPLD activity. Secretion requires simultaneous glycosylation on Asn-53 and Asn-410, while probable glycosylation of Asn-410 has a preferential role on lysoPLD activity. Not O-glycosylated. PTM: It has been suggested that the active SMB domain may be permitted considerable disulfide bond heterogeneity or variability, thus two alternate disulfide patterns based on 3D structures are described with 1 disulfide bond conserved in both. The interdomain disulfide bond between Cys-413 and Cys-805 is essential for catalytic activity. DISEASE: Note=May contribute to obesity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 SMB (somatomedin-B) domains.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q9R1E6
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
