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IL12B — TNF
Text-mined interactions from Literome
Wang et al., J Clin Invest 1999
(Mycobacterium Infections) :
Our data reveal that macrophages are a significant source of type 1 cytokines during mycobacterial infection and that both
IL-12 and intracellular pathogens are
required for the release of IFN-gamma but not
TNF-alpha
Butler et al., Eur J Immunol 1999
(Arthritis) :
When the antibodies were added to synovial cells from arthritic mice and bone marrow macrophages in vitro, anti-TNF diminished IL-12 production, but
anti-IL-12 had no effect on
TNF production
Takayama et al., J Invest Dermatol 1999
:
Both GM-CSF and
TNF-alpha induced the migration of human Langerhans cells in vitro, whereas IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-10,
IL-12 , and IFN-gamma had no effect on Langerhans cell migration
Kitagawa et al., Arthritis Rheum 1999
(Arthritis, Rheumatoid) :
To investigate the
roles of
tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFalpha) and the CD40-CD154 interaction in
interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by rheumatoid synovial cells ( SC ) ...
TNFalpha restored LPS stimulated
IL-12 production that had been inhibited by rolipram
Hartung et al., Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999
:
IL-12 added in vitro to lipopolysaccharide stimulated blood of filgrastim treated donors
restored IFN-gamma and
TNF-alpha release, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor is exercised through IL-12 suppression
Becher et al., J Neuroimmunol 2000
:
IL-12 secretion by microglia is significantly
reduced by
TNF and IFN-gamma antagonists showing that the IL-12 production is subject to regulation by auto- and paracrine stimuli
Ma et al., J Immunol 2000
:
IL-10 is not responsible for the
TNF-alpha mediated inhibition of
IL-12
Xing et al., J Leukoc Biol 2000
:
In this study, we examined the
role of
IL-12 in macrophage
TNF-alpha and nitric oxide ( NO ) release by using an in vitro model of intracellular infection ... However,
IL-12 and mycobacteria together
enhanced TNF-alpha and NO release synergistically ... Because
IL-12 and mycobacteria also released IFN-gamma from macrophages synergistically, and exogenous IFN-gamma with mycobacteria
enhanced TNF-alpha and NO release synergistically, we examined the role of endogenous IFN-gamma in IL-12/mycobacteria stimulated macrophage activation
Walter et al., J Exp Med 2001
(Asthma...) :
Initial comparisons indicated that
tumor necrosis factor alpha induction of epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1
required sequential induction of interleukin
(IL)-12 ( p70 ) and interferon gamma, and unexpectedly localized IL-12 production to airway epithelial cells
Yanagawa et al., J Leukoc Biol 2002
:
These findings suggest that
TNF-alpha induced ERK activation negatively
controls maturation and
IL-12 production in murine DC
Obermeier et al., Eur J Immunol 2002
(Acute Disease...) :
Colonic expression of IFN-gamma and
TNF was elevated ( 200- and 150-fold, respectively ) and IFN-gamma and
IL-12 secretion from lymph node cells was
increased 5,000- and 8-fold, respectively, compared to GpG-ODN treated controls
Wilkin et al., Eur J Immunol 2002
:
We observed that ATPgammaS potentiated the
IL-12p40 release
induced by
TNF-alpha , but also by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and soluble CD40 ligand ( sCD40L )
Drechsler et al., J Leukoc Biol 2002
:
Inhibition of
IL-12 by FcgammaR cross linking was not
mediated by
TNF-alpha , as the presence of an anti-TNF-alpha Ab could not restore the reduced IL-12 production
Kitaura et al., J Immunol 2002
:
In contrast,
IL-12 induced FasL transcription to lead to FasL expression on the surfaces of nonadherent bone marrow cells, whereas
TNF-alpha could not induce FasL on the cells
Al-Mohanna et al., J Leukoc Biol 2002
:
IL-12 dependent nuclear factor-kappaB activation
leads to de novo synthesis and release of IL-8 and
TNF-alpha in human neutrophils ... In addition
IL-12 induces the de novo synthesis and production of IL-8 and
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in a calcium- and ROM dependent manner
Zenclussen et al., Am J Reprod Immunol 2002
(Abortion, Spontaneous) :
We further investigated the
effect of recombinant human ( rh )
IL-12 on the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in peripheral leukocytes ex vivo
Colpaert et al., Eur Cytokine Netw 2002
(Crohn Disease) :
However, no
effect of
anti-IL-12 or anti-IFN-gamma on production of
TNF , a cytokine with an important pathogenic role in Crohn 's disease, could be found
Yu et al., J Immunol 2003
(HIV Infections) :
TNF-alpha and RANKL cooperated with CD40L via differing mechanisms, i.e.,
TNF-alpha enhanced
IL-12 production, whereas RANKL enhanced survival of CD40L stimulated DCs
Gately et al., Cell Immunol 1992
:
However,
IL-12- and IL-2 induced LAK cell activation could be partially
inhibited by anti-human
TNF-alpha
Perussia et al., J Immunol 1992
:
This inhibitory effect is, at least in part, indirect, and depends on
IL-12 induced production of
TNF
Naume et al., J Immunol 1992
:
Thus,
IL-12 can directly influence NK cell activities in purified CD56+ cells, and endogenously produced
TNF-alpha is
involved in mediating the effects of both IL-12 and IL-7
Fonseca et al., Vaccine 2004
(Granuloma...) :
In an attempt to determine the
role of IFN-gamma and
TNF-alpha in
IL-12 induced immunity, IFN-gamma and TNFR-p55 knockout mice were immunized with rSm14/IL-12 and no protection was achieved
Boelen et al., Horm Metab Res 2004
(Starvation) :
IL-12 is
involved in regulation of IFNgamma and
TNFalpha
Schneider et al., J Immunol 2004
:
IL-12 plus IL-18 rendered NK cells cytotoxic against Fas transfected target cells and
promoted their production of IFN-gamma and
TNF-alpha , which are both essential for sensitizing histamine producing cells to the Fas death pathway
Ebert et al., Clin Exp Immunol 2004
:
Furthermore,
IL-12 augmented IL-15 stimulated release of serine esterases as well as expression of perforin and FL by IELs, but not
TNF-alpha
Zhu et al., J Biol Chem 2005
(Inflammation) :
The ERK signaling pathway is not involved in
TNF-alpha and nitric oxide production, but, interestingly, negatively
regulates the expression of IL-6 and
IL-12
Sato et al., Eur J Immunol 2005
(Shwartzman Phenomenon) :
The neutralization of either
IL-12 induced IFN-gamma or LPS induced
TNF-alpha improved the survival of middle aged ( 25-week-old ) mice
Pedersen et al., Scand J Immunol 2005
(Breast Neoplasms) :
Polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid ( Poly I:C ) +
tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced significant
IL-12 p70 secretion, which was increased after addition of a decoy IL-10 receptor
Agrawal et al., Int Immunol 2005
:
MUC1 expression on activated T cells was increased in the
presence of
IL-12 but was not affected by IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 or
TNF-alpha
Zakharova et al., J Immunol 2005
(Listeriosis) :
TNFR1 was established as the main receptor involved in IL-12p40 regulation, because
IL-12p40 levels were not
affected by
TNF-alpha in TNFR1 ( -/- ) -derived macrophages
Roggen et al., Toxicol Lett 2006
(Hypersensitivity) :
PGE ( 2 ) is synergistic with IL-1beta and
TNF-alpha in the induction of functional and phenotypic maturation of DC and
induce IL12 p40 production
Yang et al., Clin Exp Immunol 2006
(MAP Kinase Signaling System...) :
The enhancement of IL-12 levels by inhibition of PI 3-K and ERK 1/2 was not reversed by neutralization of TNF-alpha or addition of rhTNF-alpha, suggesting that the negative regulation of
IL-12 is not
mediated by concomitant
TNF-alpha suppression
Zeuthen et al., Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 2006
:
Interestingly, we found that when weakly IL-12- and TNF-alpha inducing LAB and strong IL-12- and TNF-alpha inducing LAB were mixed, the weakly
IL-12- and TNF-alpha inducing LAB efficiently inhibited otherwise strong IL-12- and TNF-alpha inducing LAB, yet when weakly IL-12- and TNF-alpha inducing LAB were mixed with G- bacteria, they synergistically
induced IL-12 and
TNF-alpha
Shan et al., Cell Mol Immunol 2006
(Carcinoma...) :
IL-23 also
promoted the production of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-12 and
TNF-alpha
Hao et al., Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006
(Neoplasms) :
IL-23 can
enhance the proliferation of memory T cells and the production of IFN-gamma, IL-12 and
TNF-alpha from activated T cells
Wei et al., Biochimie 2006
:
Promutoxin is also able to stimulate the release of
IL-12 , TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta from human monocytes, and
induce IL-2,
TNFalpha and IL-6 release from T cells, indicating that this snake venom group IIA PLA(2) is actively involved in the inflammatory process in man caused by snake venom poisoning
Husted et al., Inflamm Res 2006
(Reperfusion Injury) :
Finally, isolated Kupffer cells produced
TNFalpha in
response to
IL-23 , but not IL-12, suggesting that IL-23 may be the relevant initiator of the hepatic inflammatory response to ischemia/reperfusion ... Finally, isolated Kupffer cells produced
TNFalpha in
response to IL-23, but not
IL-12 , suggesting that IL-23 may be the relevant initiator of the hepatic inflammatory response to ischemia/reperfusion
Watkins et al., J Immunol 2007
(Carcinoma, Lewis Lung...) :
Analysis of tumor infiltrating macrophages and distal TAMs revealed that
IL-12 , both in vivo and in vitro, induced a rapid ( < 90 min ) reduction of tumor supportive macrophage activities ( IL-10, MCP-1, migration inhibitory factor, and TGFbeta production ) and a concomitant
increase in proinflammatory and proimmunogenic activities (
TNF-alpha , IL-15, and IL-18 production )
Bastos et al., J Interferon Cytokine Res 2007
:
Here, we investigated the
role of
IL-12/IL-18 on nitric oxide ( NO ) and
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by CD11b ( + ) adherent peritoneal cells, focusing on the involvement of endogenously produced IFN-gamma
Liu et al., Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007
(Arthritis, Rheumatoid) :
To explore the source of the p19 subunit of interleukin-23 (IL-23) in joints with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ), the
effects of IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor
(TNF)-alpha on
IL-23 gene expression in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes and the effect of IL-23 on proinflammatory cytokines
Ghosh et al., Int Immunopharmacol 2007
:
TLR4-TLR7/8 combinations synergistically up-regulated IFN-gamma and
IL-12 , enhanced IFN-alpha and also moderately
induced TNF-alpha
Kageyama et al., Rheumatol Int 2007
(Arthritis, Gouty...) :
TNF-alpha induced MIP-3alpha but not
IL-23 production in cultured synovial cells from RA patients
Reddy et al., Cell Immunol 2007
:
CNTO 1275 inhibited upregulation of CLA,
IL-12R , IL-2Ralpha and CD40L expression and also
inhibited IL-12- and IL-23 induced IFN-gamma, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor
(TNF)-alpha , IL-2, and IL-10 secretion
Choi et al., FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007
(Candidiasis) :
These data indicate that CpG-ODN protects animals against lethal C. albicans challenge via a pathway that involves the
TNF-alpha dependent induction of
IL-12
Ochoa-Repáraz et al., Infect Immun 2007
(Q Fever...) :
Cytokine analysis was performed on infected peritoneal macrophages isolated from these mice, and immunocompetent macrophages showed robust
tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) but no
interleukin-12 (IL-12) responses
Xu et al., Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008
:
Our study demonstrated that after stimulation of alveolar macrophages by Mce4E protein for 48 h, the expression of
TNF-alpha was
induced , with an enhanced IL-6 mRNA level ( P < 0.05 ) and no changes in
IL-12 expression in the macrophages
Enríquez-de-Salamanca et al., Cytokine 2008
(Conjunctivitis, Allergic...) :
TNF-alpha stimulated secretion of
IL-12p40 was significantly increased by 30 min ; GM-CSF, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and RANTES were significantly increased by 2 h, and IFN-gamma and IL-1alpha by 24 h
Huang et al., Infect Immun 2009
:
YGPs stimulated secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in wild-type murine bone marrow derived myeloid dendritic cells ( BMDCs ) but did not
stimulate interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) production
Chaung et al., Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009
:
Zymosan
enhanced dectin-1/TLR2/TLR4 expression and
TNF-alpha/IL-10 production in all of three types of cell, whereas p-beta-glucan increased dectin-1/TLR4 and
TNF-alpha/IL-12 production in AMs but inhibited IL-10 in mDCs
Wong et al., J Immunol 2009
:
IL-12p70 production was produced predominantly by CD8alpha ( + ) DCs and plasmacytoid DCs, and
mediated by CD8 T cell derived cytokines IFN-gamma, GM-CSF,
TNF-alpha , and surface CD40L
Bluth et al., International journal of medical sciences 2009
(Hepatitis, Autoimmune) :
In contrast, before treatment, IL-12 and
TNFalpha were not detected in serum ; however after treatment the levels of
IL-12 and TNFalpha dramatically
increased
Yoshimatsu et al., Bone 2009
:
IL-12 inhibits
TNF-alpha induced osteoclastogenesis via a T cell independent mechanism in vivo
Fukuda et al., Int J Oncol 2010
(Carcinoma, Squamous Cell...) :
IL-23 , which constitutively expressed in oral cancer, was
enhanced by
TNF-alpha and IL-23
Negishi et al., Am J Reprod Immunol 2011
:
( ii )
TNF-a was also induced by LPS but was not
affected by the presence of IL-2 and
IL-12
Feng et al., J Parasitol 2010
:
All tachyzoite and antigen preparations at high doses stimulated high levels of
interleukin (IL) -12 , interferon (IFN) -gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha, except for heat killed tachyzoites and sNcAg, which
induced moderate level of IL-12 and very low levels of IFN-gamma and
TNF-alpha
Zhang et al., Cell Physiol Biochem 2010
:
The results showed that
TNF induced up to 2.7-fold increase in IL-4, but not
IL-12 release from P815 cells, and PAR-2 antagonist peptide FSLLRY-NH ( 2 ) and PAR-4 antagonist peptide trans-cinnamoyl ( tc ) -YPGKF-NH ( 2 ) did not affect TNF induced IL-4 release
Ryan et al., Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010
(Actinomycetales Infections...) :
On day 12,
TNF-a induction in monocyte derived macrophages and
IL-12 p40
induction in BAL macrophages infected with R. equi was significantly higher in foals treated with PPVO than in controls
DeBenedette et al., J Immunother 2011
:
In the
presence of
IL-12 , CTL differentiation toward lytic function is not accompanied by a reduction in the secretion of interferon-? and
tumor necrosis factor-a
Fukuda et al., Mol Med Report 2010
:
IL-23 and its receptor mRNAs and proteins were spontaneously expressed, and IL-23 was
increased by
TNF-a stimulation in the oral cancer cells
Kramp et al., Clin Exp Immunol 2011
(Tuberculosis) :
TNF-a treatment
induced a decrease in TNF-a,
IL-12p40 and IL-10 mRNA levels in peritoneal cells following PPD stimulation while live M. tuberculosis caused an increase in TNF-a mRNA and a decrease in the IL-10 mRNA expression
Donini et al., Prostate 2012
(Prostatic Neoplasms) :
LNCaP
enhance IL-1ß, IL-23, IL-6, and
TNF-a secretion by decreasing glucan dependent NADPH oxidase activity, whereas glucan increases
IL-12 production through NADPH oxidase unrelated mechanisms
Wu et al., DNA Cell Biol 2012
:
Exposure to VPA significantly repressed the production of
interleukin 12 (IL-12) , and
tumor necrosis factor a by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced macrophage activation, in contrast,
promoted IL-10 expression
Villacres et al., J Infect Dis 2012
(HIV Infections...) :
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) obtained at baseline were used to measure interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10),
interleukin 12 (IL-12) , and
tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) responses to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4 stimulation
Kim et al., J Immunol 2012
(Disease Models, Animal...) :
PLC activation enhanced the bactericidal activity and hydrogen peroxide production of mouse neutrophils, and it also
enhanced the production of IFN-? and
IL-12 while inhibiting proseptic
TNF-a and IL-1ß production in cecal ligation and puncture mice
Perez-Aso et al., Inflammation 2013
(Arthritis, Rheumatoid...) :
Interestingly,
TNF-a , but not CGS21680, dramatically
inhibited IL-12 mRNA expression
Feriotti et al., PloS one 2013
(Disease Susceptibility...) :
Importantly, both mannan and P. brasiliensis
induced the production of
IL-12 by B10.A macrophages, whereas TGF-ß,
TNF-a and IL-6 were produced by A/J cells
Kitaura et al., Clin Dev Immunol 2013
(Arthritis, Rheumatoid...) :
IL-12, IL-18, and IFN- ? induce apoptosis in bone marrow cells treated with TNF- a ??in vitro, and osteoclastogenesis is inhibited by the interactions of
TNF- a -induced Fas and Fas ligand
induced by
IL-12 , IL-18, and IFN- ?
Salkowski et al., J Immunol 1995
:
In the spleen, IL-6 and
TNF-alpha were
induced by 30 min after LPS challenge, while increases in IL-10 and
IL-12 ( p40 ) were delayed in onset
Cesano et al., Cancer Immunol Immunother 1995
:
CsA did not impair the ability of TALL-104 and LAK cells to produce interferon (IFN) gamma,
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulatory factor ( GM-CSF ) in
response to IL-2,
IL-12 , or tumor targets
Ogata et al., Br J Haematol 1995
(Myelodysplastic Syndromes) :
The
effects of
interleukin 12 (IL-12) on natural killer ( NK ) cell cytotoxicity and on the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and
tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were examined in 15 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), which are well known to have immunologic defects, and in 11 normal subjects
Orange et al., J Exp Med 1995
(Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis) :
Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that
IL-12 induced
TNF-alpha expression and that LCMV infection synergized with IL-12 for induction of this factor
Jewett et al., Cell Immunol 1994
:
The 55-kDa
TNF receptor ( TNF-R p55 ), however, was not
affected by
IL-12 , but in the presence of anti-IFN-gamma antibody, its expression was enhanced
Aste-Amezaga et al., Cell Immunol 1994
:
It was found that
IL-12 induces mRNA accumulation and production of GM-CSF and
TNF-alpha from both T and NK cells and, as tested on NK cells only, induces M-CSF mRNA accumulation
Naume et al., Cytokine 1993
:
Furthermore, IL-4 induced a slight increase in the
IL-12 stimulated
TNF production
Wu et al., J Immunol 1993
:
IL-12 also
induces neonatal CD4 T cells to produce lymphotoxin but not IL-2,
TNF-alpha , or IL-4
Daftarian et al., J Immunol 1996
:
IL-12 and/or IL-6 can
induce the expression of IL-10 by PHA stimulated T cells, whereas
TNF-alpha induces IL-10 production by monocytes
Xiao et al., J Hematother 1996
:
To understand the possible mechanisms for this suppression, ELISA assays were used to detect the release of interferon (IFN)-gamma and
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , which could potentially have been
induced by
IL-12 from CD34 cells ... The results suggest that the suppressive effects of IL-12 on retroviral gene transduction are, at least in part, mediated by
IL-12 induction of the release of
TNF-alpha
Becher et al., J Clin Invest 1996
:
IL-12 production is preceded by TNF-alpha production and is
inhibited by recombinant soluble human
TNF receptor ( II ) -IgG1 fusion protein ( shu-TNF-R )
Cantorna et al., J Infect Dis 1996
(Arthritis, Infectious...) :
Earlier and stronger
interleukin (IL)-12 , interferon-gamma (IFN)-gamma, and
tumor necrosis factor responses were found in Borrelia burgdorferi infected, vitamin A-deficient mice compared with controls
Noguchi et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996
(Skin Neoplasms) :
Interferon gamma, IL-10, and
tumor necrosis factor could be
induced throughout the treatment period by
IL-12 , indicating that repeated injections of IL-12 do not induce a state of tachyphylaxis
Heinzel et al., J Immunol 1996
(Endotoxemia) :
Pretreatment of IFN-gamma 0/0 mice with recombinant mouse IFN-gamma ( rIFN-gamma ) enhanced circulating
TNF-alpha by as much as sixfold, but serum IL-12 p40 and
IL-12 p70 responses
increased by only twofold or less
Ueta et al., Eur J Immunol 1996
:
Furthermore,
IL-12 up-regulated TNF receptors on gammadelta T cells in vitro :
TNF-alpha binding to its receptor
induced CD25 expression on the gammadelta T cells in an autocrine or paracrine fashion, or perhaps both
Enk et al., Photochem Photobiol 1996
:
Because
IL-12 induces production of
TNF-alpha by certain cells of the immune system, we sought to determine whether UVB is an inducer of IL-12 gene expression in epidermal cells
Kornelisse et al., Infect Immun 1997
(Meningitis, Bacterial) :
The production of IFN-gamma is
induced by
IL-12 with
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) as a costimulator and inhibited by IL-10
Yin et al., Arthritis Rheum 1997
(Arthritis, Reactive...) :
Exogenous
IL-12 clearly
enhanced IFN gamma and
TNF alpha secretion
Sacco et al., Blood 1997
:
The IL-12 predose also inhibited
IL-12 induced IFN-gamma levels, but did not modify IL-12 induced CS,
TNF or sTNFR-P75
Berger et al., Eur J Immunol 1997
:
We found that exogenously added
TNF-alpha caused a profound inhibition of monocytic
IL-12 secretion in the absence of IC, again mediated via the induction of IL-10 and PG
Grewe et al., J Immunol 1998
:
The expression of both
IL-12 protein and mRNAs for the p35 and p40 IL-12 subunits was strongly induced in all donors by the Th2-like cytokines IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage CSF and was also moderately
induced by
TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha
Suen et al., Vaccine 1998
:
Furthermore, we have studied the
effects of
IL-12 and IL-15 on induction of IFN-gamma and
TNF-alpha production, NK, and LAK activities in CB and APB ... The impaired ability of CB to produce
IL-12 and IL-15 in response to stimulation may
contribute to the decrease in IFN-gamma,
TNF-alpha production, NK and LAK activities
Fulton et al., J Infect Dis 1998
:
Regulation of
interleukin (IL)-12 production by coexpression of
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , IL-10, and transforming growth factor ( TGF ) -beta in human monocytes infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra was analyzed ...
TNF-alpha protein expression occurred earlier than IL-12 p40 protein but was not
required for
IL-12 induction
Hodge-Dufour et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998
(Inflammation) :
To determine whether
TNF inhibition of IFN-gamma induced
IL-12 production contributed to the resolution of an inflammatory response in vivo, the response of TNF+/+ and TNF-/- mice injected with Corynebacterium parvum were compared
Becher et al., J Immunol 1999
:
Based on previous work that suggests that the production of
IL-12 by activated human central nervous system derived microglia is
regulated by autocrine
TNF-alpha , we wanted to determine whether inhibition of TNF could induce a reduction of Th1 responses by its impact on systemic APCs