The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Similarly, IL-1B has been implicated in human osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid samples. The lung damage induced by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to a large extent, a result of the inflammatory response promoted by cytokines such as IL-1B. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020].
Description
This track shows human genome high-confidence gene annotations from the
Consensus
Coding Sequence (CCDS) project. This project is a collaborative effort
to identify a core set of
human protein-coding regions that are consistently annotated and of high
quality. The long-term goal is to support convergence towards a standard set
of gene annotations on the human genome.
Collaborators include:
For more information on the different gene tracks, see our Genes FAQ.
Methods
CDS annotations of the human genome were obtained from two sources:
NCBI
RefSeq and a union of the gene annotations from
Ensembl and
Vega, collectively known
as Hinxton.
Genes with identical CDS genomic coordinates in both sets become CCDS
candidates. The genes undergo a quality evaluation, which must be approved by
all collaborators. The following criteria are currently used to assess each
gene:
- an initiating ATG (Exception: a non-ATG translation start codon is
annotated if it has sufficient experimental support), a valid stop codon, and
no in-frame stop codons (Exception: selenoproteins, which contain a TGA codon
that is known to be translated to a selenocysteine instead of functioning as
a stop codon)
- ability to be translated from the genome reference sequence without frameshifts
- recognizable splicing sites
- no intersection with putative pseudogene predictions
- supporting transcripts and protein homology
- conservation evidence with other species
A unique CCDS ID is assigned to the CCDS, which links together all gene
annotations with the same CDS. CCDS gene annotations are under continuous
review, with periodic updates to this track.
Credits
This track was produced at UCSC from data downloaded from the
CCDS project
web site.
References
Hubbard T, Barker D, Birney E, Cameron G, Chen Y, Clark L, Cox T, Cuff J, Curwen V, Down T et
al.
The Ensembl genome database project.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):38-41.
PMID: 11752248; PMC: PMC99161
Pruitt KD, Harrow J, Harte RA, Wallin C, Diekhans M, Maglott DR, Searle S, Farrell CM, Loveland JE,
Ruef BJ et al.
The consensus coding sequence (CCDS) project: Identifying a common protein-coding gene set for the
human and mouse genomes.
Genome Res. 2009 Jul;19(7):1316-23.
PMID: 19498102; PMC: PMC2704439
Pruitt KD, Tatusova T, Maglott DR.
NCBI Reference Sequence (RefSeq): a curated non-redundant sequence database of genomes, transcripts
and proteins.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan 1;33(Database issue):D501-4.
PMID: 15608248; PMC: PMC539979
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