Human Gene SNCA (ENST00000394991.8) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens synuclein alpha (SNCA), transcript variant 12, non-coding RNA. (from RefSeq NR_164676)
RefSeq Summary (NM_000345): Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016].
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000394991.8
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000145335.17
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr4:89,724,099-89,837,161 Size: 113,063 Total Exon Count: 6 Strand: -
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr4:89,726,628-89,835,667 Size: 109,040 Coding Exon Count: 5 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
RNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO Annotations
mRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesGeneReviewsMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr4:89,724,099-89,837,161)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (140 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAGene interactionsTable SchemaAlphaFold
BioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGencodeGeneCards
HGNCHPRDLynxMalacardsMGIneXtProt
OMIMPubMedReactomeUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: SYUA_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Alpha-synuclein; AltName: Full=Non-A beta component of AD amyloid; AltName: Full=Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor; Short=NACP;
FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase-3 activation.
SUBUNIT: Soluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1 (By similarity). Interacts with phospholipase D and histones.
INTERACTION: Self; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-985879; Q9UI14:RABAC1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-712367;
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Cell junction, synapse. Note=Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.
DOMAIN: The 'non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque' domain (NAC domain) is involved in fibrils formation. The middle hydrophobic region forms the core of the filaments. The C- terminus may regulate aggregation and determine the diameter of the filaments.
PTM: Phosphorylated, predominantly on serine residues. Phosphorylation by CK1 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is selective and extensive in synucleinopathy lesions. In vitro, phosphorylation at Ser-129 promoted insoluble fibril formation. Phosphorylated on Tyr-125 by a PTK2B-dependent pathway upon osmotic stress.
PTM: Hallmark lesions of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies contain alpha-synuclein that is modified by nitration of tyrosine residues and possibly by dityrosine cross-linking to generated stable oligomers.
PTM: Ubiquitinated. The predominant conjugate is the diubiquitinated form (By similarity).
DISEASE: Note=Genetic alterations of SNCA resulting in aberrant polymerization into fibrils, are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). SNCA fibrillar aggregates represent the major non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque, and a major component of Lewy body inclusions. They are also found within Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and axonal spheroids in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1.
DISEASE: Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 1 (PARK1) [MIM:168601]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features.
DISEASE: Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 4 (PARK4) [MIM:605543]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder with manifestations ranging from typical Parkinson disease to dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical features include parkinsonian symptoms (tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia), dementia, diffuse Lewy body pathology, autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations and paranoia.
DISEASE: Defects in SNCA are the cause of dementia Lewy body (DLB) [MIM:127750]. A neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by mental impairment leading to dementia, parkinsonism, often with fluctuating cognitive function, visual hallucinations, falls, syncopal episodes, and sensitivity to neuroleptic medication. Brainstem or cortical intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins (Lewy bodies) are the only essential pathologic features. Patients may also have hippocampal and neocortical senile plaques, sometimes in sufficient number to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synuclein family.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/SNCA";
WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/snca/";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

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Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

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Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: SNCA
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: dementia, lewy body* (1350), parkinson disease 1* (1229), parkinson disease 4* (919), parkinson disease 15, autosomal recessive* (257), hereditary late-onset parkinson disease* (247), snca-related parkinson disease* (121), synucleinopathy (40), rem sleep behavior disorder (33), dementia (29), multiple system atrophy (28), striatonigral degeneration (23), pure autonomic failure (22), alzheimer disease (21), autonomic dysfunction (19), supranuclear palsy, progressive (19), neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 (17), movement disease (15), dysautonomia (14), neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (13), essential tremor (12), pick disease (12), chromosome 3q29 microdeletion syndrome (12), tremor (11), inflammatory bowel disease 19 (11), spastic paraplegia 45, autosomal recessive (10), olivopontocerebellar atrophy (10), early-onset parkinson disease (10), neuroaxonal dystrophy (10), spastic paraplegia 14, autosomal recessive (9), chromosome 3q29 microduplication syndrome (9), neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (9), parkinson disease, late-onset (9), parkinson disease, juvenile, type 2* (9), perry syndrome (8), machado-joseph disease (8), parkinson disease 10 (8), mucopolysaccharidoses (8), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex (8), dementia, frontotemporal (7), leukoencephalopathy, diffuse hereditary, with spheroids (7), cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1h (7), miliaria rubra (7), ethmoid sinus cancer (7), ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma (7), parkinson disease susceptibility (7), cocaine abuse (7), gaucher's disease (6), corneal staphyloma (6), diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 3 (6), hypotrichosis 6 (6), split-hand/foot malformation 4 (6), split hand-foot malformation 2 (6), charcot-marie-tooth neuropathy, x-linked recessive, 3 (6), deafness, autosomal dominant 44 (6), deafness, autosomal recessive 15 (6), split-hand/foot malformation 5 (6), aphasia (6), miliaria (6), von economo's disease (6), hypotrichosis 7 (5), split-hand/foot malformation 3 (5), chromosome 6pter-p24 deletion syndrome (5), postencephalitic parkinson disease (5), epilepsy, familial temporal lobe, 3 (5), scotoma (5), hypotrichosis 8 (5), chromosome 10q26 deletion syndrome (5), niemann-pick disease, type c1 (4), cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1a (4), infiltrating lipoma (4), thymic dysplasia (4), blue color blindness (4), childhood oligodendroglioma (4), inflammatory bowel disease 6 (4), rapp-hodgkin syndrome (4), cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1e (3), hemidystonia (3), 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type v (3), nervous system disease (2), motor neuron disease (2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (2), central nervous system disease (2), toxic encephalopathy (1), disease of mental health (1), optic atrophy plus syndrome (1), leukemia, acute myeloid (0)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 60.64 RPKM in Brain - Frontal Cortex (BA9)
Total median expression: 561.85 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -87.40225-0.388 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -586.202529-0.232 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR001058 - Synuclein
IPR002460 - Synuclein_alpha

Pfam Domains:
PF01387 - Synuclein

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help
1XQ8 - NMR MuPIT 2JN5 - NMR 2KKW - NMR MuPIT 2X6M - X-ray 3Q25 - X-ray 3Q26 - X-ray 3Q27 - X-ray 3Q28 - X-ray 3Q29 - X-ray


ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P37840
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The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
MGIRGD    
Protein SequenceProtein Sequence    
AlignmentAlignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0000287 magnesium ion binding
GO:0005507 copper ion binding
GO:0005509 calcium ion binding
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0005543 phospholipid binding
GO:0008017 microtubule binding
GO:0008198 ferrous iron binding
GO:0008270 zinc ion binding
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity
GO:0019894 kinesin binding
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
GO:0019904 protein domain specific binding
GO:0030544 Hsp70 protein binding
GO:0042393 histone binding
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
GO:0043014 alpha-tubulin binding
GO:0043027 cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0043274 phospholipase binding
GO:0044212 transcription regulatory region DNA binding
GO:0046872 metal ion binding
GO:0047485 protein N-terminus binding
GO:0048156 tau protein binding
GO:0048487 beta-tubulin binding
GO:0051219 phosphoprotein binding
GO:0070840 dynein complex binding
GO:1903136 cuprous ion binding
GO:0005504 fatty acid binding
GO:0060961 phospholipase D inhibitor activity

Biological Process:
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0001774 microglial cell activation
GO:0001921 positive regulation of receptor recycling
GO:0001933 negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0001956 positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
GO:0001963 synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
GO:0006631 fatty acid metabolic process
GO:0006638 neutral lipid metabolic process
GO:0006644 phospholipid metabolic process
GO:0006915 apoptotic process
GO:0006919 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0007006 mitochondrial membrane organization
GO:0007268 chemical synaptic transmission
GO:0007568 aging
GO:0008344 adult locomotory behavior
GO:0010040 response to iron(II) ion
GO:0010517 regulation of phospholipase activity
GO:0010642 negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
GO:0014048 regulation of glutamate secretion
GO:0014059 regulation of dopamine secretion
GO:0031115 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization
GO:0031623 receptor internalization
GO:0031648 protein destabilization
GO:0032026 response to magnesium ion
GO:0032410 negative regulation of transporter activity
GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0032769 negative regulation of monooxygenase activity
GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
GO:0034341 response to interferon-gamma
GO:0034599 cellular response to oxidative stress
GO:0035067 negative regulation of histone acetylation
GO:0040012 regulation of locomotion
GO:0042220 response to cocaine
GO:0042416 dopamine biosynthetic process
GO:0042417 dopamine metabolic process
GO:0042493 response to drug
GO:0042775 mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
GO:0043030 regulation of macrophage activation
GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0043154 negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0043524 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process
GO:0044344 cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
GO:0045807 positive regulation of endocytosis
GO:0045920 negative regulation of exocytosis
GO:0045963 negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process
GO:0046928 regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
GO:0048148 behavioral response to cocaine
GO:0048168 regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity
GO:0048169 regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
GO:0048488 synaptic vesicle endocytosis
GO:0048489 synaptic vesicle transport
GO:0050729 positive regulation of inflammatory response
GO:0050806 positive regulation of synaptic transmission
GO:0050808 synapse organization
GO:0050812 regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
GO:0051281 positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
GO:0051583 dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
GO:0051585 negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
GO:0051612 negative regulation of serotonin uptake
GO:0051622 negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake
GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process
GO:0060079 excitatory postsynaptic potential
GO:0060291 long-term synaptic potentiation
GO:0060732 positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
GO:0061024 membrane organization
GO:0070495 negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway
GO:0070555 response to interleukin-1
GO:0071280 cellular response to copper ion
GO:0071872 cellular response to epinephrine stimulus
GO:0071902 positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
GO:0097435 supramolecular fiber organization
GO:1901214 regulation of neuron death
GO:1901215 negative regulation of neuron death
GO:1901216 positive regulation of neuron death
GO:1902957 negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
GO:1903284 positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
GO:1903285 positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
GO:1903421 regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling
GO:1903426 regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
GO:1904307 response to desipramine
GO:1904715 negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
GO:1905606 regulation of presynapse assembly
GO:2000377 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
GO:0055074 calcium ion homeostasis

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005634 nucleus
GO:0005640 nuclear outer membrane
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
GO:0005741 mitochondrial outer membrane
GO:0005743 mitochondrial inner membrane
GO:0005758 mitochondrial intermembrane space
GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix
GO:0005764 lysosome
GO:0005791 rough endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
GO:0005829 cytosol
GO:0005840 ribosome
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0005938 cell cortex
GO:0008021 synaptic vesicle
GO:0015629 actin cytoskeleton
GO:0016020 membrane
GO:0016234 inclusion body
GO:0030054 cell junction
GO:0030424 axon
GO:0030426 growth cone
GO:0030659 cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
GO:0043195 terminal bouton
GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
GO:0043679 axon terminus
GO:0045202 synapse
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
GO:0098793 presynapse
GO:0098794 postsynapse
GO:0099512 supramolecular fiber
GO:0005747 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
GO:0031092 platelet alpha granule membrane


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  JN709867 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 13 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709868 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 14 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709869 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 15 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709859 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 5 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709860 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 6 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709861 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 7 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709862 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 8 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709863 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 9 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709864 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 10 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709865 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 11 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
JN709866 - Homo sapiens alpha-synuclein transcript variant 12 (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
BC108275 - Homo sapiens synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:110988 IMAGE:6147966), complete cds.
CQ824587 - Sequence 14 from Patent WO2004047872.
CS236150 - Sequence 14 from Patent WO2005116212.
DL076403 - TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE THROUGH INTRACRANIAL DELIVERY OF siRNA.
HV187318 - JP 2006515864-A/14: Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease Through Intracranial Delivery of siRNA.
HV308698 - JP 2010500357-A/14: Compositions, devices and methods for treatment of huntington's disease through intracranial delivery of sirna.
L08850 - Human AD amyloid mRNA, complete cds.
CQ824596 - Sequence 23 from Patent WO2004047872.
CS236159 - Sequence 23 from Patent WO2005116212.
D31839 - Homo sapiens alternatively spliced mRNA for NACP (precursor of non-A beta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid), complete cds.
DL076412 - TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE THROUGH INTRACRANIAL DELIVERY OF siRNA.
HV187327 - JP 2006515864-A/23: Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease Through Intracranial Delivery of siRNA.
HV308707 - JP 2010500357-A/23: Compositions, devices and methods for treatment of huntington's disease through intracranial delivery of sirna.
BC013293 - Homo sapiens synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:3484 IMAGE:3604532), complete cds.
AK290169 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ76529 complete cds, highly similar to Homo sapiens synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor) (SNCA), transcript variant NACP140, mRNA.
L36674 - Human (clone 2-5) synuclein (NACP) mRNA, complete cds.
L36675 - Human (clone 2-4) synuclein (NACP) mRNA, complete cds.
CR457058 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834A087D for gene SNCA, synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor); complete cds, incl. stopcodon.
MG016711 - Homo sapiens truncated alpha synuclein isoform 41 mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced.
AY049786 - Homo sapiens synuclein alpha (SNCA) mRNA, complete cds.
DQ892564 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100005194; FLH187583.01X; RZPDo839A12150D synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor) (SNCA) gene, encodes complete protein.
KJ892169 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_01563 SNCA gene, encodes complete protein.
KR710286 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone CCSBHm_00011061 SNCA (SNCA) mRNA, encodes complete protein.
KR710287 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone CCSBHm_00011062 SNCA (SNCA) mRNA, encodes complete protein.
KR710288 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone CCSBHm_00011063 SNCA (SNCA) mRNA, encodes complete protein.
EU176705 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100011624; FLH263920.01L; RZPDo839D10246D synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor) (SNCA) gene, encodes complete protein.
CR541653 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834A0827D for gene SNCA, synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor); complete cds, without stopcodon.
AB464277 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB8172, Homo sapiens SNCA gene for synuclein, alpha, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
JD223628 - Sequence 204652 from Patent EP1572962.
JD411189 - Sequence 392213 from Patent EP1572962.
JD315733 - Sequence 296757 from Patent EP1572962.
JD456354 - Sequence 437378 from Patent EP1572962.
JD349085 - Sequence 330109 from Patent EP1572962.
JD237831 - Sequence 218855 from Patent EP1572962.
JD432998 - Sequence 414022 from Patent EP1572962.
JD188406 - Sequence 169430 from Patent EP1572962.
JD351287 - Sequence 332311 from Patent EP1572962.
JD558562 - Sequence 539586 from Patent EP1572962.
HQ830268 - Homo sapiens clone asynex1` synuclein alpha-140 (NACP) mRNA, 5' UTR and partial cds, alternatively spliced.
HQ830269 - Homo sapiens clone asynex1`` synuclein alpha-140 (NACP) mRNA, 5' UTR and partial cds, alternatively spliced.
HQ830267 - Homo sapiens clone asynex1 synuclein alpha-140 (NACP) mRNA, 5' UTR and partial cds, alternatively spliced.
HW581683 - JP 2014513065-A/12: Effective Amounts of (3aR)-1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3 b]indol-5-yl Phenylcarbamate and Methods Thereof.
JC442373 - Sequence 12 from Patent EP2683242.
MA353518 - JP 2018076332-A/12: Effective Amounts of (3aR)-1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3 b]indol-5-yl Phenylcarbamate and Methods Thereof.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
hsa05010 - Alzheimer's disease
hsa05012 - Parkinson's disease

BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project
h_ParkinsonsPathway - Alpha-synuclein and Parkin-mediated proteolysis in Parkinson's disease
h_parkinPathway - Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P37840 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-5658496 SIAH1:UBE2L6:Ubiquitin binds SNCA
R-HSA-5661161 USP9X:SNCA dissociates
R-HSA-5661157 USP9X binds Ub-SNCA
R-HSA-5660753 SIAH1:UBE2L6:Ubiquitin ubiquitinates SNCA
R-HSA-5660752 USP9X deubiquitinates Ub-SNCA
R-HSA-5658104 SNCAIP binds alpha-synuclein
R-HSA-977225 Amyloid fiber formation
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: A8K2A4, ENST00000394991.1, ENST00000394991.2, ENST00000394991.3, ENST00000394991.4, ENST00000394991.5, ENST00000394991.6, ENST00000394991.7, NACP, NR_164676, P37840, PARK1, Q13701, Q4JHI3, Q6IAU6, SYUA_HUMAN, uc003hsp.1, uc003hsp.2, uc003hsp.3, uc003hsp.4, uc003hsp.5
UCSC ID: ENST00000394991.8
RefSeq Accession: NM_000345
Protein: P37840 (aka SYUA_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS3634.1

-  GeneReviews for This Gene
  GeneReviews article(s) related to gene SNCA:
parkinson-overview (Parkinson Disease Overview)

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.