Rojas et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 2009
(Colonic Neoplasms...) :
Furthermore, p21 levels and TGF-beta induced apoptosis appear to depend on relatively high TGFBR2 expression and on the activation of the MAPK-ERK and Smad pathways
Passos et al., Molecular systems biology 2010
:
The essential feature of the loop is that long-term activation of the checkpoint gene CDKN1A ( p21 ) induces mitochondrial dysfunction and production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) through serial signalling through GADD45-MAPK14 ( p38MAPK ) -GRB2-TGFBR2-TGFbeta